Now the weather is getting warmer, greenhouse vegetables are starting to grow, and management measures such as fertilization and watering are about to start. Now briefly introduce the five points of attention in the fertilization and watering of greenhouse vegetables.
First, fertilizing the "five essentials"
Due to the large amount of fertilizer applied in greenhouse vegetables, the winter and spring seasons are tightly closed, and the temperature is low and the light is weak. The activity of nitrate reductase in vegetables is low, and nitrate is easily accumulated.
1. It is forbidden to apply nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate, and it is easy to accumulate nitrate in vegetables. In addition, it is not suitable to apply chlorinated fertilizers such as potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, etc., chloride ions can reduce the starch and sugar content of vegetables, so that the quality is deteriorated, the yield is reduced, and soil compaction is caused. Fertilizers such as magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate are applied to the soil, and the sulfate ions decomposed are not easily absorbed by the vegetables and remain in the soil, which is harmful to the growth of vegetables. It is forbidden to apply ammonium bicarbonate, because it is easy to cause a large amount of ammonia gas, which is easy to cause ammonia damage.
2. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied should be controlled according to the amount of fertilizer required by different vegetables. Generally, 10 to 12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu should be used. The nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in depth and combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, or ternary compound should be applied. Fertilizer, it is necessary to cover the soil in time, reduce the loss, improve the utilization rate, stop the topdressing 20 days before the harvest.
3. It is necessary to apply ecological organic fertilizer to use the ecological organic fertilizer produced by fermentation of livestock and poultry manure. If it is targeted with different elements, a series of special fertilizers will be formed. The organic organic fertilizer content of ecological organic fertilizer can reach 45%, which can play the role of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolving and potassium dissolving, and can also decompose residual substances of pesticides and fertilizers. Production of 1000kg ecological organic fertilizer, such as fresh chicken manure 2.0 ~ 2.5m3, straw powder 200 ~ 300kg, corn flour 5kg, multi-dimensional compound enzyme bacteria 8kg as raw materials. First mix the chicken manure with the straw powder on the water, knead it into a ball by hand, and sew water with fingers but not dripping water, loose the hand is appropriate; then add cornmeal and multi-dimensional compound enzyme bacteria, then mix and mix, do not stay Raw block. They are piled up in layers and covered with a protective film. It can be fermented and matured in 5 to 6 days in spring, summer and autumn, and it takes 7 to 10 days to ferment and mature in winter. Generally, the heap is 1-3 days, and the temperature inside the reactor rises to 80 °C to kill E. coli and eggs. After the compost is mature, it can be applied by drying it a little.
4. Formulation fertilization According to the fertilizer characteristics of different vegetables and soil fertility status, the applicable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements and the corresponding fertilization techniques are determined. When using micro-fertilizer leaf spray, the dosage should be set at 0.1%-0.3% for ferrous sulfate, 0.05%-0.2% for zinc sulfate, 0.3%-0.5% for borax, and 0.02%-0.04 for copper sulfate. %, can be combined with anti-disease spray Bodo night. Or add urea 0.2% to 0.4%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3% to 0.5%. Note that leafy vegetables should not be foliar sprayed to avoid increasing nitrate content. It is not advisable to apply more diammonium phosphate. Generally, vegetables need a lot of nitrogen and potassium, and need less phosphorus. The potassium is needed most before and after flowering, and then gradually decreases.
5, to limit the use of hormones Some farmers in order to pursue high yield, early maturity, early listing, the application of gibberellin, ethephon, paclobutrazol and other hormones to promote, ripening, reduce the quality of vegetables, people's long-term consumption is also unfavorable to health.
Second, watering "five notes"
Watering vegetables in greenhouses requires not only watching the sky, but also the land, but also the vegetable growth period. Generally, the following five points should be noted.
1, watering should not be too large When the temperature in the greenhouse, the ground temperature is low, the amount of water should be small, the interval should be long, avoid flooding, causing vegetable roots.
2, watering should not be arranged at noon high temperature when the water temperature is about 20 °C is appropriate, try to use well water.
3, see the weather changes skillfully watering sunny days should be more pouring, cloudy or less pouring or not pouring, wind and snow weather should not be watered. When the weather turns from sunny to cloudy, the amount of water should be gradually reduced, and the interval should be appropriately elongated. When the weather turns from cloudy to sunny, the amount of water should be from small to large, and the interval should be shortened.
4. Different watering in different growth periods Generally, watering should be controlled in the seedling stage, and appropriate pouring in the middle and late stages; vegetables should be less poured in the slow growth stage, and should be poured more frequently during the rapid growth period.
5. The watering amount of different parts is also different. When the temperature difference between the sheds is large, the soil moisture evaporation is large and the watering is slightly larger in the south of the shed and near the fire smog. The temperature in the east and west is slightly lower. The amount of water should be less.
Huaxian Agricultural Technology Center Huang Lihua
First, fertilizing the "five essentials"
Due to the large amount of fertilizer applied in greenhouse vegetables, the winter and spring seasons are tightly closed, and the temperature is low and the light is weak. The activity of nitrate reductase in vegetables is low, and nitrate is easily accumulated.
1. It is forbidden to apply nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer to nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate, and it is easy to accumulate nitrate in vegetables. In addition, it is not suitable to apply chlorinated fertilizers such as potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, etc., chloride ions can reduce the starch and sugar content of vegetables, so that the quality is deteriorated, the yield is reduced, and soil compaction is caused. Fertilizers such as magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate are applied to the soil, and the sulfate ions decomposed are not easily absorbed by the vegetables and remain in the soil, which is harmful to the growth of vegetables. It is forbidden to apply ammonium bicarbonate, because it is easy to cause a large amount of ammonia gas, which is easy to cause ammonia damage.
2. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied should be controlled according to the amount of fertilizer required by different vegetables. Generally, 10 to 12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu should be used. The nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in depth and combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, or ternary compound should be applied. Fertilizer, it is necessary to cover the soil in time, reduce the loss, improve the utilization rate, stop the topdressing 20 days before the harvest.
3. It is necessary to apply ecological organic fertilizer to use the ecological organic fertilizer produced by fermentation of livestock and poultry manure. If it is targeted with different elements, a series of special fertilizers will be formed. The organic organic fertilizer content of ecological organic fertilizer can reach 45%, which can play the role of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolving and potassium dissolving, and can also decompose residual substances of pesticides and fertilizers. Production of 1000kg ecological organic fertilizer, such as fresh chicken manure 2.0 ~ 2.5m3, straw powder 200 ~ 300kg, corn flour 5kg, multi-dimensional compound enzyme bacteria 8kg as raw materials. First mix the chicken manure with the straw powder on the water, knead it into a ball by hand, and sew water with fingers but not dripping water, loose the hand is appropriate; then add cornmeal and multi-dimensional compound enzyme bacteria, then mix and mix, do not stay Raw block. They are piled up in layers and covered with a protective film. It can be fermented and matured in 5 to 6 days in spring, summer and autumn, and it takes 7 to 10 days to ferment and mature in winter. Generally, the heap is 1-3 days, and the temperature inside the reactor rises to 80 °C to kill E. coli and eggs. After the compost is mature, it can be applied by drying it a little.
4. Formulation fertilization According to the fertilizer characteristics of different vegetables and soil fertility status, the applicable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements and the corresponding fertilization techniques are determined. When using micro-fertilizer leaf spray, the dosage should be set at 0.1%-0.3% for ferrous sulfate, 0.05%-0.2% for zinc sulfate, 0.3%-0.5% for borax, and 0.02%-0.04 for copper sulfate. %, can be combined with anti-disease spray Bodo night. Or add urea 0.2% to 0.4%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3% to 0.5%. Note that leafy vegetables should not be foliar sprayed to avoid increasing nitrate content. It is not advisable to apply more diammonium phosphate. Generally, vegetables need a lot of nitrogen and potassium, and need less phosphorus. The potassium is needed most before and after flowering, and then gradually decreases.
5, to limit the use of hormones Some farmers in order to pursue high yield, early maturity, early listing, the application of gibberellin, ethephon, paclobutrazol and other hormones to promote, ripening, reduce the quality of vegetables, people's long-term consumption is also unfavorable to health.
Second, watering "five notes"
Watering vegetables in greenhouses requires not only watching the sky, but also the land, but also the vegetable growth period. Generally, the following five points should be noted.
1, watering should not be too large When the temperature in the greenhouse, the ground temperature is low, the amount of water should be small, the interval should be long, avoid flooding, causing vegetable roots.
2, watering should not be arranged at noon high temperature when the water temperature is about 20 °C is appropriate, try to use well water.
3, see the weather changes skillfully watering sunny days should be more pouring, cloudy or less pouring or not pouring, wind and snow weather should not be watered. When the weather turns from sunny to cloudy, the amount of water should be gradually reduced, and the interval should be appropriately elongated. When the weather turns from cloudy to sunny, the amount of water should be from small to large, and the interval should be shortened.
4. Different watering in different growth periods Generally, watering should be controlled in the seedling stage, and appropriate pouring in the middle and late stages; vegetables should be less poured in the slow growth stage, and should be poured more frequently during the rapid growth period.
5. The watering amount of different parts is also different. When the temperature difference between the sheds is large, the soil moisture evaporation is large and the watering is slightly larger in the south of the shed and near the fire smog. The temperature in the east and west is slightly lower. The amount of water should be less.
Huaxian Agricultural Technology Center Huang Lihua
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