In recent years, with the development of science and technology and people's admiration for nature, stone products have been widely used due to their natural gorgeous color and physical properties, especially the proportion of special-shaped stone products in the application of building decoration industry is increasing. Big, has become the trend of the architectural decoration industry. The development of science and technology makes computer control applied to special-shaped processing machinery, so that the tool can automatically process complex convex and concave surfaces, and the working efficiency greatly exceeds the manual processing, and realizes the industrial mass production of special-shaped stone. This article mainly describes the application of stone products, especially shaped stone products, and its future development trend.
First, the application and classification of stone products
From ancient times to the present, the art treasures of stoneware, stone carvings and stone buildings spread widely, just like an eternal river flowing continuously, recording the evolution and development of human civilization. The Pyramids of Egypt, the Temple of Batumi in Greece, the Colosseum in Ancient Rome, the Palace of Versailles in France, the Forest of Stones in Xi'an, the Huabiao in Tiananmen, the Stone Panlong Imperial Road in the Forbidden City, and all kinds of modern Skyscrapers, gardens and plazas are all built and decorated with stone. As the cornerstone of architecture, stone has written an immortal chapter for the history of world architecture.
Because of its natural physical properties, high hardness, wear resistance, beautiful appearance, and its stable chemical properties, corrosion resistance, weathering resistance, etc., modern humans use it more widely. The relief of the Monument to the People's Heroes in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Great Hall of the People built in the 1950s, the Chinese History Museum, and the subsequent Chairman Mao Memorial Hall were all treated with high-quality stone by chiseling, axe, honing and polishing, and flame singeing. Very good artistic effect.
Stone is mainly divided into natural stone and artificial stone. Natural stone is divided into marble, limestone and granite. marble. Its main components are calcite and calcium carbonate, the Mohs hardness value is about 4.5, soft, acid and alkali resistant, poor weathering resistance, easy to absorb oil, water and other liquids, easy to be scratched. The polished marble is suitable for vertical paving (such as wall) or as a stone for craft products. Limestone is mainly composed of calcite. It is relatively soft and easily absorbs oils and other aqueous liquids. It is easily scratched and corroded by acidic substances and is more susceptible to contamination than marble. Limestone can be used to lay the ground, but it needs to be treated with waterproof wax. Limestone with high density and low water absorption can also be used in bathrooms. granite. It is mainly composed of 35% quartz, 45% feldspar and potassium. The Mohs hardness is about 6.5, the color is usually dark, and some also contain a very small amount of calcite. Because of its high hardness, granite is mainly used in stone corridors, stairs, kitchens, bathrooms and other parts. Artificial stone. It is made of natural stone and stone with different specifications as aggregate. It is made of organic (resin) or inorganic (cement) polymer material and made with scientific formula. The average value of flexural strength should not be lower than 5.0MPa, and the minimum value of single block should not be Below 4.0MPa, suitable for floors, gardens, etc.
At present, the higher-level hotels, restaurants and scenic spots in the country are almost decorated with veneered stone to reflect the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standards. Under the attitude of returning to nature, pray for a quiet paradise. Feel the beauty of the natural, elegant and rough nature of natural stone; especially in the high-tech era, the environmental pollution is more serious, and the application of stone is more extensive.
Second, the definition and classification of special-shaped stone products
Stone shaped products can be understood as all stone products except stone plate products. In recent decades, with the development of science and technology and people's admiration for nature, stone products have been made in architectural decoration, fine processing, precision testing, living utensils, art products, etc. with their natural gorgeous colors and physical properties. A large number of applications, especially in architectural decoration, have been used in a wide range of applications, such as the use of columns, arches, stone carvings, parquets, etc., to bring out the elegance, grandeur and innovative spirit of the building. The various types of buildings mentioned above have adopted a large number of these special-shaped stone products. These shaped stone products are like the pens of fine points, and these buildings have become ancient and modern places of interest. In addition, with the improvement of living standards, people began to pursue artistic atmosphere in their home life. From the unique flower pots, coffee tables, bench surfaces, industrial floors, and a large number of stone crafts, we can see that the special shaped stone products The more you integrate into people's lives.
There are many classifications of special-shaped stone products, which can be understood as all stone products except stone plate products, which can be classified as special-shaped stone products.
1. We classify shaped stone products as follows according to their processing methods.
1) Stone three-dimensional shaped products: sculptures including three-dimensional portraits, animals, plants and other decorative objects, flat relief products, carved columns, column and stigma carved furniture, straight or curved stone products, stair railings, stone Heaters, flower beds, tombstones and crafts. They may be both asymmetric and irregular, or they may be axisymmetric or regular articles.
Three-dimensional shaped stone processing methods mainly include 劈, å‰, grinding, shovel, chisel, drilling, etc., and can be realized by manual or mechanized processing. Manual processing is a traditional processing method. With the development of science and technology, mechanical processing has become a major development trend. The processing of three-dimensional shaped stone has advanced equipment such as three-dimensional engraving machine and multi-function CNC machining center.
2) Planar shaped products: such as bathroom basin boards, kitchen stoves, flower lines, parquet plates, curved side plates, etc., the shape can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. This kind of product is relatively simple to process, and it can be achieved by cutting and polishing. Processing equipment can be completed with a single device.
3) Curved sheet products: such as inner and outer arc sheets. The processing of curved sheet metal is mainly processed by the rotary motion of the workpiece and the tool. The typical processing equipment has a diamond wire saw.
2. According to the section size:
1) Equal-section shaped products: that is, regardless of the shape of the main section (such as a circle, an ellipse, a fan or a contour is a plane of an arbitrary curve, etc.), as long as the cylinder is cut by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, the resulting column The cylindrical product at the same section of the body is an equal-section shaped stone product.
2) Non-equal section shaped products: generally refers to stone shaped products with complex space shapes. The outer surface formed by the distortion of the outer plane or the curved surface is a curved space-wrenched product, a hollow or solid twisted cylinder, a cone-shaped column or a revolving shaped product. That is to say, regardless of the shape of the cross section of the cylinder, as long as any part of the cylinder is cut by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, the cross-sectional shape of the obtained cylinder is similar or dissimilar, but the cylindrical products which are not equal everywhere are non-equal. Cross-section shaped stone products.
3. There are other classification methods.
Third, stone shaped products finish effect
At present, the special-shaped stone is mainly used in architectural decoration, and has become the mainstream of the architectural decoration industry in the world. However, due to the different historical cultures of the countries in the world, the expression of architectural decoration also reflects the geographical difference. Various styles have been formed, among which architectural decoration represented by European, Latin American and Chinese styles has formed the mainstream of the world today.
The above picture is representative of the various architectural styles in the world today. The European style is simple and simple, giving people a sense of rigor. The Chinese style is colorful and the square is just above the shape. The Latin American architecture is also more diverse due to the style of the outsiders. In all cases, the overall color is still quite gorgeous. However, with the changes of the times, various cultures have further exchanges and integration. The style of architectural decoration is also influenced by each other. In our country, various European and Latin American villas, office buildings and hotels are everywhere in large cities. The overall decorative effect is developing in an elegant and generous direction.
Fourth, the development trend of the application of stone shaped products
With the development of residential and environmental engineering to medium and high-grade levels, in recent years, the demand for high-grade stone products in the architectural decoration industry has been increasing. The special-shaped products, architectural sculptures, mosaic carvings, various complicated and beautiful curved surfaces and columns of stone Faces and even stone furniture have raised new demands. From the scientific and technological point of view, processing tools such as diamond wire saws, band saws and sharp grinding tools, combined with computer-controlled high-tech, fully meet this requirement. At the same time, the improvement of stone processing tools provides a broad world for the expansion of the stone market. From the perspective of demand, human beings have entered modern civilization. Although people's aesthetic concepts are constantly updated and the quality of pursuing art is getting higher and higher, stone is still the most commonly used material in today's architectural decoration. The pursuit of art makes shaped stone products The proportion of decorative stone has gradually increased. In addition to the use of stone to decorate the floor wall, ordinary dwellings have begun to consider the use of special-shaped stone products in the bathroom and kitchen for practical aesthetic decoration. In economically developed areas and some large cities, in order to beautify the living room or living environment, people also began to choose shaped stone products to embellish and modify the living space, and in some high-rise buildings, the decoration is more obvious. Constant demand will promote the development of this shaped stone in a higher and broader direction.
Due to the rapid development of the special-shaped stone industry, there have been great developments in various related industries such as processing, installation, coloring and protection of shaped stone. Their development has made people's pursuit of nature art possible. Shaped stone gradually penetrates into all aspects of life. At present, 4/5 of the world's stone is used for construction, and the future application fields will be continuously expanded. The various types of stone products, including various stone carvings, urban decorative stones and environmental stones, will be greatly developed. The demand for special-shaped stone will also increase rapidly, and special-shaped stone will be an important trend.
First, the application and classification of stone products
From ancient times to the present, the art treasures of stoneware, stone carvings and stone buildings spread widely, just like an eternal river flowing continuously, recording the evolution and development of human civilization. The Pyramids of Egypt, the Temple of Batumi in Greece, the Colosseum in Ancient Rome, the Palace of Versailles in France, the Forest of Stones in Xi'an, the Huabiao in Tiananmen, the Stone Panlong Imperial Road in the Forbidden City, and all kinds of modern Skyscrapers, gardens and plazas are all built and decorated with stone. As the cornerstone of architecture, stone has written an immortal chapter for the history of world architecture.
Because of its natural physical properties, high hardness, wear resistance, beautiful appearance, and its stable chemical properties, corrosion resistance, weathering resistance, etc., modern humans use it more widely. The relief of the Monument to the People's Heroes in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Great Hall of the People built in the 1950s, the Chinese History Museum, and the subsequent Chairman Mao Memorial Hall were all treated with high-quality stone by chiseling, axe, honing and polishing, and flame singeing. Very good artistic effect.
Stone is mainly divided into natural stone and artificial stone. Natural stone is divided into marble, limestone and granite. marble. Its main components are calcite and calcium carbonate, the Mohs hardness value is about 4.5, soft, acid and alkali resistant, poor weathering resistance, easy to absorb oil, water and other liquids, easy to be scratched. The polished marble is suitable for vertical paving (such as wall) or as a stone for craft products. Limestone is mainly composed of calcite. It is relatively soft and easily absorbs oils and other aqueous liquids. It is easily scratched and corroded by acidic substances and is more susceptible to contamination than marble. Limestone can be used to lay the ground, but it needs to be treated with waterproof wax. Limestone with high density and low water absorption can also be used in bathrooms. granite. It is mainly composed of 35% quartz, 45% feldspar and potassium. The Mohs hardness is about 6.5, the color is usually dark, and some also contain a very small amount of calcite. Because of its high hardness, granite is mainly used in stone corridors, stairs, kitchens, bathrooms and other parts. Artificial stone. It is made of natural stone and stone with different specifications as aggregate. It is made of organic (resin) or inorganic (cement) polymer material and made with scientific formula. The average value of flexural strength should not be lower than 5.0MPa, and the minimum value of single block should not be Below 4.0MPa, suitable for floors, gardens, etc.
At present, the higher-level hotels, restaurants and scenic spots in the country are almost decorated with veneered stone to reflect the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standards. Under the attitude of returning to nature, pray for a quiet paradise. Feel the beauty of the natural, elegant and rough nature of natural stone; especially in the high-tech era, the environmental pollution is more serious, and the application of stone is more extensive.
Second, the definition and classification of special-shaped stone products
Stone shaped products can be understood as all stone products except stone plate products. In recent decades, with the development of science and technology and people's admiration for nature, stone products have been made in architectural decoration, fine processing, precision testing, living utensils, art products, etc. with their natural gorgeous colors and physical properties. A large number of applications, especially in architectural decoration, have been used in a wide range of applications, such as the use of columns, arches, stone carvings, parquets, etc., to bring out the elegance, grandeur and innovative spirit of the building. The various types of buildings mentioned above have adopted a large number of these special-shaped stone products. These shaped stone products are like the pens of fine points, and these buildings have become ancient and modern places of interest. In addition, with the improvement of living standards, people began to pursue artistic atmosphere in their home life. From the unique flower pots, coffee tables, bench surfaces, industrial floors, and a large number of stone crafts, we can see that the special shaped stone products The more you integrate into people's lives.
There are many classifications of special-shaped stone products, which can be understood as all stone products except stone plate products, which can be classified as special-shaped stone products.
1. We classify shaped stone products as follows according to their processing methods.
1) Stone three-dimensional shaped products: sculptures including three-dimensional portraits, animals, plants and other decorative objects, flat relief products, carved columns, column and stigma carved furniture, straight or curved stone products, stair railings, stone Heaters, flower beds, tombstones and crafts. They may be both asymmetric and irregular, or they may be axisymmetric or regular articles.
Three-dimensional shaped stone processing methods mainly include 劈, å‰, grinding, shovel, chisel, drilling, etc., and can be realized by manual or mechanized processing. Manual processing is a traditional processing method. With the development of science and technology, mechanical processing has become a major development trend. The processing of three-dimensional shaped stone has advanced equipment such as three-dimensional engraving machine and multi-function CNC machining center.
2) Planar shaped products: such as bathroom basin boards, kitchen stoves, flower lines, parquet plates, curved side plates, etc., the shape can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. This kind of product is relatively simple to process, and it can be achieved by cutting and polishing. Processing equipment can be completed with a single device.
3) Curved sheet products: such as inner and outer arc sheets. The processing of curved sheet metal is mainly processed by the rotary motion of the workpiece and the tool. The typical processing equipment has a diamond wire saw.
2. According to the section size:
1) Equal-section shaped products: that is, regardless of the shape of the main section (such as a circle, an ellipse, a fan or a contour is a plane of an arbitrary curve, etc.), as long as the cylinder is cut by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, the resulting column The cylindrical product at the same section of the body is an equal-section shaped stone product.
2) Non-equal section shaped products: generally refers to stone shaped products with complex space shapes. The outer surface formed by the distortion of the outer plane or the curved surface is a curved space-wrenched product, a hollow or solid twisted cylinder, a cone-shaped column or a revolving shaped product. That is to say, regardless of the shape of the cross section of the cylinder, as long as any part of the cylinder is cut by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, the cross-sectional shape of the obtained cylinder is similar or dissimilar, but the cylindrical products which are not equal everywhere are non-equal. Cross-section shaped stone products.
3. There are other classification methods.
Third, stone shaped products finish effect
At present, the special-shaped stone is mainly used in architectural decoration, and has become the mainstream of the architectural decoration industry in the world. However, due to the different historical cultures of the countries in the world, the expression of architectural decoration also reflects the geographical difference. Various styles have been formed, among which architectural decoration represented by European, Latin American and Chinese styles has formed the mainstream of the world today.
The above picture is representative of the various architectural styles in the world today. The European style is simple and simple, giving people a sense of rigor. The Chinese style is colorful and the square is just above the shape. The Latin American architecture is also more diverse due to the style of the outsiders. In all cases, the overall color is still quite gorgeous. However, with the changes of the times, various cultures have further exchanges and integration. The style of architectural decoration is also influenced by each other. In our country, various European and Latin American villas, office buildings and hotels are everywhere in large cities. The overall decorative effect is developing in an elegant and generous direction.
Fourth, the development trend of the application of stone shaped products
With the development of residential and environmental engineering to medium and high-grade levels, in recent years, the demand for high-grade stone products in the architectural decoration industry has been increasing. The special-shaped products, architectural sculptures, mosaic carvings, various complicated and beautiful curved surfaces and columns of stone Faces and even stone furniture have raised new demands. From the scientific and technological point of view, processing tools such as diamond wire saws, band saws and sharp grinding tools, combined with computer-controlled high-tech, fully meet this requirement. At the same time, the improvement of stone processing tools provides a broad world for the expansion of the stone market. From the perspective of demand, human beings have entered modern civilization. Although people's aesthetic concepts are constantly updated and the quality of pursuing art is getting higher and higher, stone is still the most commonly used material in today's architectural decoration. The pursuit of art makes shaped stone products The proportion of decorative stone has gradually increased. In addition to the use of stone to decorate the floor wall, ordinary dwellings have begun to consider the use of special-shaped stone products in the bathroom and kitchen for practical aesthetic decoration. In economically developed areas and some large cities, in order to beautify the living room or living environment, people also began to choose shaped stone products to embellish and modify the living space, and in some high-rise buildings, the decoration is more obvious. Constant demand will promote the development of this shaped stone in a higher and broader direction.
Due to the rapid development of the special-shaped stone industry, there have been great developments in various related industries such as processing, installation, coloring and protection of shaped stone. Their development has made people's pursuit of nature art possible. Shaped stone gradually penetrates into all aspects of life. At present, 4/5 of the world's stone is used for construction, and the future application fields will be continuously expanded. The various types of stone products, including various stone carvings, urban decorative stones and environmental stones, will be greatly developed. The demand for special-shaped stone will also increase rapidly, and special-shaped stone will be an important trend.
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