As a feed additive for quinoxaline upgrading, quinocetone has been widely used in animal husbandry and aquaculture production after nearly 20 years of series safety evaluation, feeding trial and effect verification.
Xu Zhongzan et al (1991, 1995) selected 2 to 3 months old (weight 7 to 30 kg) Landrace and Duroc × Su Dabai hybrid pigs, respectively, 6 batches of 30 ~ 60d feeding trials, the results showed that the quinocetone group increased The weight was higher than the control group, in which 50mg/kg quinocetone group increased by 3.44%~23.80%, 75mg/kg quinocetone group increased by 4.4%, feed efficiency increased by 3.29%~10.30% compared with the control group, and the incidence of piglet diarrhea It was only 32% to 49% of the control group; compared with the olaquindox group, in the three batches of the comparative test, the weight gain of the two groups in the quinocetone group was higher than that of the olaquindox group, which was 3.44% and 7.82% higher, respectively. Li Juan et al. (2004) selected 60 weaned piglets (body weight 8.04±0.26kg) for 28 days, divided into control group and experimental group (3 replicates in each group, 10 pigs per replicate), and the control group was on the base day. 15 mg/kg of colistin sulfate was added to the grain, and 50 mg/kg of quinocetone was added to the test group for 31 days. The results showed that the average daily weight gain of the experimental group was 0.46±0.08 kg, which was 4.55% higher than that of the control group. There was no diarrhea record in the test group, and the income per pig increased by 5.314 yuan compared with the control group. Sun Yuguo et al (2005) selected 60 pigs of Duchanghuai weaned pigs with similar birth and parity, and randomly divided into 4 groups (15 in each group). The control group added 100 mg/kg olaquindox to the basal diet. The test group was supplemented with 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg quinocetone in the basal diet for 30 days. The results showed that quinocetone could significantly improve the performance of piglets. Adding 50-75 mg/kg to the feed increased the weight gain compared with the control group. Among them, the 75 mg/kg group had the best effect, which increased by 7.87%. The ratio decreased by 5.88%, and the incidence of squatting was the best in the 100mg/kg group, which was decreased by 26.67%.
In poultry production, Wang Yuchun et al. (1995b) used broilers as test subjects and added different doses of quinocetone to the feed to observe the growth effect of broilers. The results showed that the addition of 75mg/kg quinocetone in the feed had the best weight gain rate, the weight gain rate was 122%, the mortality rate decreased by 5.3%, the feed to meat ratio reached 2.53: 1, and the diarrhea rate of the chicken was significantly reduced; further 75mg was used. The /kg quinolone was tested in 9 batches. Compared with the blank control group, the average weight gain rate was 117%, the mortality rate was decreased by 5.42%, and the feed efficiency was increased by 12%. Zhou Xuehui et al. (2006) and Cao Xianglin et al. (2006) studied the effects of different quinoxaline antibacterial growth promoters on the performance of broilers and their growth-promoting mechanisms. The experiment selected 320 Anka red feather broilers (body weight 40.07±1.94 g), divided into 4 groups (4 replicates in each group, 20 chickens per replicate). The control group did not add any antibiotics. Olaquindox, quinalol and quinodone were added at a dose of 50 mg/kg for a 6-week feeding trial. The results showed that the daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the quinalol and quinocetone groups were significantly higher than those of the control group and the olaquindox group, while the olaquindox group was significantly lower than the control group, suggesting that quinocetone is relative to olaquindox. Nearly non-toxic, it is an ideal antibacterial growth-promoting additive to replace olaquindox, safe and effective. Chen Quanjun et al (2004) selected 480 1-day-old Cherry Valley ducks and randomly divided into 4 groups (4 replicates in each group, 30 ducks per replicate), which were control group, 30 mg/kg olaquindox group, 30 mg/kg. The quinocetone group and the 15 mg/kg oregano oil group were fed for 50 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate of the three experimental groups was 3.9%, 10.7% and 11.3% higher than that of the control group, respectively. The weight gain of quinocetone and oregano oil was better than that of olaquindox; the ratio of meat to meat, oregano oil, quinocetone, Olaquindox was reduced by 7.5%, 8.9% and 3.1%, respectively, compared with the control group, and oregano oil and quinocetone were significantly improved compared with olaquindox.
In terms of aquaculture, Li Jinshan et al. (1999) added quinocetone to carp feed and fish culture water and observed its effects on fish disease control in a small environment. The results showed that the survival rates of the 50 mg/L group and the 75 mg/L group were 93% and 85%, respectively, while the blank control group died. The survival rate of the 50 mg/kg group and the 75 mg/kg group was 100. % and 82%, while the blank control group died at the end of the trial; the test also found that two different methods of quinolone administration can protect the purity of the water, the water in the drug-administered group is relatively clear, and the blank is not administered. The control group was relatively turbid.
In summary, quinocetone has the following characteristics:
Synthetic cost is suitable;
Highly applied (strong bacteriostatic effect, significant growth-promoting effect);
Wide antibacterial spectrum (inhibition of a variety of pathogenic bacteria, especially for most Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria);
High safety (almost non-toxic, no accumulation, no residue, no carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, fast metabolism, almost no absorption by the digestive tract);
Environmentally friendly (no adverse effects on the environment after excretion of animals);
It is animal-specific and widely used. It is suitable for all kinds of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals. It is especially suitable for young animals and its application prospects will be very extensive. The recommended dosage of quinocetone on animal feed is 50-75 mg/kg, which can significantly promote the growth of animal body, improve feed conversion efficiency, and inhibit various pathogenic bacteria in target animals. Therefore, quinocetone is a safe, efficient and novel feed additive.
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