There are many factors affecting the quality of poultry compound feed. In addition to whether the feed formula used is scientific and reasonable, the quality of the raw materials used and the quality of the processing will directly affect the quality of the compound feed. The feed formula determines the nutritional value of the finished feed product.
1 computer design method
In order to design a poultry compound feed with reasonable nutrition and low price, the manual design method can not effectively solve a large number of calculation work. At present, the linear programming method is widely used in formula making, and the computing power of the computer can be used to complete a large number of calculation tasks for the single target (lowest cost) multi-nutrition requirement index in the feed formula, which is called the computer design method of the feed formula. The principle is based on the optimum amount of nutrients required by poultry and the nutrient content and price of feed ingredients as the known conditions, and the nutritional requirements of poultry are taken as the constraint conditions, and the minimum feed cost is used as the target of formula design, using computer Operation. The nutritional requirements of different breeds of poultry and various growth stages, various nutrients of feed ingredients and typical poultry feed formulas are stored in the software. Users only need to adjust the standard of nutrient requirements, nutrients and prices of raw materials when using. Etc., the feed formulation can be directly calculated by inputting the corresponding raw material use restriction conditions and the cost of the formulation. The use of computers to linearly design poultry feed formulations should be combined with the basic knowledge and practical experience of poultry nutrition, as the formula shown meets the minimum cost requirements for feed, but not necessarily the optimal formulation. Whether it is optimal or not depends on the actual experience of the producer, and adjustments and calculations are made until satisfactory. In addition, the lowest feed formulation costs do not necessarily yield the best benefits for poultry farming. The best production benefit feed formula currently developed in the United States and other poultry developed countries is based on the lowest cost formula of linear planning, combining some physiological parameters of poultry, production performance, futures prices of feed ingredients market and poultry products. The market price and other factors have designed a feed formula that enables poultry farmers to achieve optimal production benefits.
2 poultry feed processing technology
2.1 The main process of poultry compound feed processing
The processing of poultry compound feed is generally divided into the process of receiving and cleaning raw materials, crushing raw materials, mixing, mixing, pressing granules, and finished packaging (or bulk). (1) Raw material cleaning: It is mainly to remove impurities in raw materials, such as iron filings and stones. (2) Crushing: The pulverization of feed ingredients is one of the most important processes in the processing of poultry feed. This process is to make the volume of the agglomerate or granular feed ingredients smaller and pulverize into the size required for poultry feeding standards. The quality, yield, power consumption and cost of the compound feed. After the raw materials are pulverized, the surface area thereof is increased to facilitate digestion and absorption by the poultry. The granularity of grain pulverization in broiler diets is preferably medium particles, that is, the geometric mean diameter is preferably 0.7-0.9 mm. As the age increases, the size of the crushed grain also increases accordingly, and the size of the laying hen should be above 0.8 mm. (3) Ingredients: The process of feeding and weighing a variety of raw materials by using a specific batching device according to a given formula is an important link to ensure the quality of the compounded feed products. Considering the weighing accuracy and the possibility that some of the components may be corrosive, the premix additives are usually directly weighed into the mixing equipment after manual weighing. (4) Mixing: Feed mixing refers to mixing the various ingredients in the feed formula in a specified weight ratio so that each small part of the whole, even a feed, has a composition ratio and the required formula. same. The quality of the feed mix plays an important role in ensuring the quality of the compound feed. To achieve uniform mixing, micronutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, minerals, etc. should be pre-mixed to make a premix. In the pre-Kunming combination, a large amount of ingredients should be added first, and then a small amount of ingredients should be added. The length of mixing should be determined by testing the uniformity of feed mixing. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the premix is ​​not more than 5%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the compound feed is not more than 10%. (5) Granulation: The pelletized feed is granulated and can be finished by extrusion. Generally, the feed mixture is added with 4% to 6% water (usually steam tempered, suitable temperature is about 98 ° C). After entering the granulator, the moisture content of the feed is air-dried at ambient temperature (water content is 10% 12% or so) increased to 15% to 16% of 80 to 90 °C. Moisture acts as a lubricant when squeezed, and heat causes gelatinization of the raw starch on the surface of the plant feed ingredients. When the feed is subsequently extruded from the ring die discharge port, further friction causes the feed temperature to rise to nearly 90 ° C, must be cooled to a temperature slightly above ambient temperature, and dried to a moisture content of less than 12% before entering the next stage. (6) Screening and packaging: After granulation, the compounded feed is sieved to remove slag and powder, and stored after packaging. The slag and powder are returned to processing.
2.2 Poultry compound feed production process
At present, the production of poultry compound feed in our country generally adopts the process of batch type mixing, batch mixing and batch production. This kind of production process can be divided into two categories in practice: one is the production process of first pulverizing and then mixing and mixing, and the other is the production process of pulverizing and remixing after batching.
2.2.1 Production process of the first pulverized ingredients This is the production process that is currently used in China. The process is as follows: Raw material receiving, cleaning, cleaning (sifting, magnetic separation), crushing, one ingredient, one mixing, one pressing, one particle, one sieve, one pellet, finished packaging (bulk), powder, finished packaging (or bulk), The characteristic is that the raw materials can be crushed by different varieties, which is beneficial to fully exerting the efficiency of the crusher, and the crushing granularity can be selected according to the material characteristics, the poultry variety (growth stage), and the physiological requirements of the object. Since the raw materials are crushed separately according to the variety, more batching bins are required. At the same time, the operation is troublesome due to frequent replacement of the pulverized raw materials. However, this process is applicable to poultry feed production with a large variety of raw materials, variable formulas, and high ratio requirements.
2.2.2 Production process after first batching and pulverizing At present, only a few poultry feed production in China adopts this production process. The process is as follows: Raw material receiving (clean), one ingredient, one sieve, one crushing, one mixing, one pressing particle, one sieve, one pellet, finished product packaging (or bulk), powder finished product packaging (or bulk). : 1 The first batch of ingredients is uniformly pulverized, so the raw material components before mixing are pulverized and uniform in particle size, which is convenient for the production of pellet feed; 2 The silo can be saved because the batching bin of this process is the storage bin of raw materials and auxiliary materials, and the crushing bin only starts Buffering effect 3 The continuity of the process requires good equipment performance and high technical level. After the batching, the sieving process can be used to sift the powdery raw materials and auxiliary materials directly to the mixer for mixing.
3 factors affecting the quality of poultry compound feed
There are many factors affecting the quality of poultry compound feed. In addition to whether the feed formula used is scientific and reasonable, the quality of the raw materials used and the quality of the processing will directly affect the quality of the compound feed. The feed formula determines the nutritional value of the finished feed product. Low nutrient levels or unreasonable nutrient ratios will seriously affect the feeding effect of the farmed objects and also cause waste of feed materials. Processing quality, such as mixing uniformity, pulverization particle size, and gelatinization degree, can not meet the requirements of the index, and can not guarantee the advantages of the original formula, which will inevitably affect the feeding effect.
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