Fall season must pay attention to personal protection

What is a cold environment:

The temperature is lower than the comfort level of the human body. Generally, 21±3°C is the comfortable temperature range of human body, so the temperature below 18°C ​​can be regarded as low temperature. However, low temperatures that adversely affect people's work efficiency are usually below 10°C. In addition to the low temperature in winter, the low-temperature environment is mainly found in areas such as mountains, Antarctica, and the Arctic, as well as underwater.

1 Influence

The effects of low temperature on the human body are mainly manifested in two aspects:

1 Cold frostbite

The most common cold injury to the human body is frostbite. The occurrence of frostbite is related to the exposure time in a low temperature environment. The lower the temperature, the shorter the exposure time required to form frostbite. If the temperature is 5 ~ 8 °C, the body usually takes a few days of frostbite; and -73 °C, exposure to 12 seconds can cause frostbite. The clinical manifestations of frostbite can be divided into three degrees, once as erythema, can be restored; second degree as water sores and frostbite, can be restored after treatment; third degree is gangrene, difficult to recover. The body is prone to frostbite is the hands, feet, nose and ear contours and other parts.

In the environment below -20°C, when the skin comes into contact with metal, the skin will adhere to the metal, which is called cold metal sticky skin. This is a special kind of frostbite. Aluminum and iron with an oxide film are most likely to cause sticky skin. Metals with bright surfaces such as copper and silver, rough surfaces, or metals covered with ice, snow, dust, etc. are less likely to cause this phenomenon.

2 symptoms of low temperature

It is a person who relies on a body temperature control system in a temperature (-1°C to 6°C) where the temperature is not very low, which allows the body's deep body temperature to remain stable. However, when exposed to a low temperature for a long time, deep body temperature will gradually decrease, resulting in a series of symptoms of hypothermia. The first physiological reactions that occurred were breathing and heart rate, shaking, etc., followed by headaches and other uncomfortable reactions. When the deep body temperature falls below 34°C, the symptoms will reach a serious degree, resulting in forgetfulness, paralysis, and disorientation; when it falls to 30°C, the body will experience severe pain and confusion; when it falls below 27°C, the casual exercise will be lost. Reflections, deep tendon reflexes, and skin reflexes all disappeared and people are on the verge of death.

2 Protection methods

1 warming

Indoor heating and air conditioning systems are used to keep the temperature in the local environment such as cabins comfortable.

2 physical activity

Intense physical activity can cause the body to produce up to 1400 kcal per hour of calories, which is about 20 times more than normal human metabolic rate. In the low temperature environment below -20°C, if there is no effective protective measure except thick clothes, physical activity becomes a necessary protective measure.

3 plus clothes

By wearing winter clothes, cold pants, cold hats, cold gloves, cold shoes and other cold products to maintain body temperature, so as to avoid frostbite frozen disease.

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