When designers or installers plan the installation of photovoltaic systems, they should plan and prepare the necessary tools and materials for installation. Sites should be inspected before construction, and the list of required tools and materials should be listed for inspection.
1, install the solar cell array
The careful selection of the position of the solar cell array is the first step in the installation of the photovoltaic system. Electrical equipment should avoid unnecessary exposure to the outside. When installing electrical equipment, it should be considered that system maintenance can be performed quickly and easily. Photovoltaic arrays should be as close as possible to battery and power conditioning equipment to minimize lead distances and reduce line losses.
A simple, robust, and durable mounting structure should be provided for the supporting frame of the battery assembly. The materials used to manufacture and install the cell array brackets must be able to withstand wind erosion and corrosion. Electroplated aluminum, galvanized steel and stainless steel are all ideal choices. The phalanx brackets are lighter in weight for easier transportation and installation.
2, install the battery
(1) Safety first. The installation of the battery system should be planned from the beginning of transportation. The battery is heavy and the acid leaks easily. Therefore, when transporting batteries with stored electrolytes, special attention must be paid to safety and reliability. After the battery arrives at the site, it is first necessary to check whether the battery has been damaged during transportation.
(2) Installation of battery essentials: use dedicated connecting screws and washers prepared by the battery manufacturer; use properly sized battery wires and fuses; install fuses on the positive lead; use stainless steel nuts, nuts; all battery terminals and terminals They are covered with a terminal cover or covered with Fantu Oil and high temperature grease to prevent the terminal from being attacked by acid or acid mist.
The battery room must be equipped with ventilation equipment, ventilators should be placed high enough to emit lighter than air hydrogen. Fans and switches should be placed outside the battery. In areas where the minimum winter temperature is not lower than -10°C, the battery can be placed in an outdoor battery box. The battery box should be protected against corrosion, air can circulate, and security fences should be set around it.
3, install the controller and inverter
Photovoltaic system controllers are usually dedicated to a system and cannot be used in any other system unless explicitly stated by the manufacturer. Photovoltaic generator installers should read and follow the correct installation procedures of the manufacturer's instructions. When installing the controller, the solar cell array is covered with an opaque cloth and the load is disconnected to protect the equipment and the installer. The installer should keep in mind that electrical equipment is a sensitive part and needs to be moved carefully. The controller should be installed in a well-ventilated place to prevent the heat sink temperature from being too high.
The controller metal case is a protection box designed for electrical components and circuits. The controller is placed in the box to prevent dust, moisture, and foreign matter from entering. After the metal shell is grounded, the operator can be protected from clicks.
The precautions for installing the inverter have many similarities with installing the controller. It should be particularly pointed out that when connecting the DC cable to the input of the inverter, it must be noted that the polarity must be checked and the positive and negative polarity must be checked before connecting.
According to the different requirements of the photovoltaic system, there are differences in the functions and characteristics of the controllers and inverters produced by various manufacturers. Therefore, the specific wiring and debugging methods for the controller and inverter must be referred to the technical documentation accompanying the equipment.
4, PV system wiring
(1) Wire connection. All the connections of the PV system must be relayed in the nearest electrical junction box. The electrical junction box can be projected or embedded in a wall, ceiling or floor. Open-air electrical junction boxes must withstand wind and rain. When the wiring needs to be changed frequently or when the large diameter wire is difficult to connect, the wire end should be crimped to the copper wire ring or the wire fork. The connection between the wire, cable or conduit and the electrical junction box must be sufficiently reliable so that the wire does not become loose during the dragging. If the junction box is open-air, each connection point must be carefully threaded into the junction box and waterproof sealed. Outdoor wires can only be connected on the underside of the terminal box.
(2) Install sockets and switches. When connecting the socket and the switch, pay special attention to the respective characteristics of the direct current and alternating current; when wiring the direct current system, pay attention to judging the positive and negative polarity of the wire and the terminal; when wiring the alternating current system, pay attention to the judgment of the live line, the neutral (zero) line and Ground wire. Correct wiring prevents damage to the equipment, eliminates fire, and reduces the risk of electric shock.
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