Chemical company chemical safety training and health education

First, the purpose and requirements of training

1. Purpose of personnel training

Personnel training refers to the re-education of all employees, including administrative personnel, professionals, technicians, and operators. In other words, civil servants, safety and health supervision personnel, corporate legal persons, and professional technicians from the government's competent departments down to the general staff should receive training and education on major industrial hazards, control and prevention of chemical poisoning accidents and other knowledge and skills. Residents living near chemical plants should also be educated in safety and disaster prevention knowledge. The purpose of training and education is to enhance the people's awareness of safety and health, improve their ability to identify major hazard settings and chemical toxicants, so that the majority of people in the event of an accident can immediately make the right emergency response and take appropriate countermeasures. The deep meaning of training and education is that it can guarantee safe production and protect workers, the public and the environment.

2. Basic requirements for training and education

(1) Increased identification capacity According to statistics, in the past 40 years, there have been more than 100 poisoning accidents in the chemical industry, and more than 5,000 people have been poisoned , including more than 1,000 deaths. The top 10 chemical poisons that cause poisoning accidents are: chlorine, aniline, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrobenzene, ammonia, organophosphorus pesticides, dimethyl sulfate, and hydrogen sulfide. From this we can see that it is important for business managers and operators to realize the importance and necessity of preventing accidents. After training and education, understand and master common toxic chemicals and their preventive measures and countermeasures to avoid injury.

(2) Strengthening the supervision and inspection of "safety first, prevention first" is our country's established policy. As early as 50 to 60 years, the State Council promulgated the "three rules" ([56] National Conference Zhou Wen Zi No. 40) and the "five provisions" ([63] country by word article No. 224), as scientific and technological progress and industrial development, the state has promulgated a series of guarantees safety, national legislation, regulations, standard operating procedures and a variety of accident prevention. It is required that all levels of administration, enterprise management personnel, and engineering and technical personnel should first learn safety regulations, standards, and safety and health science and technology knowledge, and improve their own quality and management level. Only in this way can supervision and inspection of production activities be conducted in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, identify problems, and propose suggestions and decisions for avoiding hazards and preventing accidents.

(3) Operators who perform safety operations on major hazard positions should be one of the focuses of training and education. Regardless of old and new workers, basic education and training in fire prevention, explosion prevention, antivirus, and first aid knowledge must be conducted. In addition, legal education is particularly important. Operators must strictly enforce the factory's rules and regulations and safe operating procedures. All actions must be handled in accordance with the procedures. They must not be “sloppy” and operate by experience. According to statistics, due to human factors, erroneous operations and industrial accidents caused by illegal operations account for more than 70 %.

In 1994, the Ministry of Chemical Industry re-enactment of "chemical enterprise security management system" ([91] of the text of Lao Zi No. 247) education for new workers into the plant, the daily education, special education workers and so made it clear that also provides The "all operators who work in independent operations" can only issue a system for safe work permits after passing the training and education. Experience has shown that staff working in major hazardous installations must hold a permit before they can take up posts.

(4) Increase the intensity of training is to increase the breadth and depth of training education. It is required to provide "full-time, comprehensive, and full-process training." The so-called “full-time” refers to the wide range of training and education objects. All employees of the company, regardless of their positions, decision-makers who have self-leadership management, ordinary workers, or even apprentices and temporary workers must receive training; It means that the content of education should be comprehensive, and it should include the “whole process” of safety, health regulations, standards, safety responsibility systems, safety operation procedures, and safety and health technical knowledge formulated by the state, local governments, and enterprises. From planning, selecting a site, designing, manufacturing to In the process operation, we must implement the principle of "safety first, prevention first" in every aspect. On a staff is concerned, since he was the factory to accept the three education, job posts to receive special education, but also to accept the daily routine safety education until retirement home. The entire process of this period of time is subject to safety and health education every day, every month, every year. Through the "Sanquan" education, not only can improve the safety of employees, but also can improve the company's safety management level, so that enterprises can obtain greater economic benefits.

Second, the content and methods of training

1. Training content

According to the "Three Major Regulations" and "Five Provisions" issued by the State Council and the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China, the "Safety Management System of Chemical Enterprises" and the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention for the Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents ( No. 174 ) requirements of the Convention) and "workplace safe use of chemicals Convention" (Convention No. 170) and other regulatory documents, the content should include training and education generally issued by the State laws, regulations and standards, occupational safety and health management systems, security technology knowledge health And skills education.

(1) Education of laws and regulations Education is one of the core elements of training for all employees and is also an important part of education for enterprises. Through education, students are allowed to firmly establish the concept of legislating in their minds, and clarify the principle of “has the law to act and abide by the regulations”. According to different levels of personnel, the content of education must be focused. For example, corporate legal persons ( employees ) and managers should focus on

1 Implement education on national guidelines and policies;

2 Strict implementation of the education responsibility system;

3 Implement regulations, standards, education, etc. Employees of enterprises should focus on:

1 establish legal awareness, compliance education;

2 Strictly enforce the education of safety operation procedures.

(2) Education of safety and health knowledge Safety and health knowledge is a required course for all personnel in the company. Workers have mastered these basic knowledge and can be skillfully applied to production and life. They are very beneficial to safety in production and health. . The majority of workers should accept

1 Fire and explosion basic theory and its brief preventive measures;

2 The concept of major chemical hazards and their critical thresholds;

3 common chemical dangerous goods

Nature and its prevention;

4 ways of entering chemical poisons into the human body and methods of controlling their spread;

5 Identify the major hazards and the basic characteristics of the hazards, etc.

(3) Safety and health technology education Safety and health technology education belongs to each employee's “should know” part. In practice, we must also accept re-education to meet the "should". That is, applying the learned knowledge to practical work to examine the skills for safe operation and accident control. The content of training and education should include:

1 Formulation of emergency rescue plan and rescue drill training;

2 The accidental use of chemical accidents and the correct use of personal protective equipment;

3 The delivery of the wounded during the on-site rescue;

4 Master and understand the control system of major hazard settings and chemical accidents;

5 Writing methods for written materials such as accident investigations, accident reports, and assessments.

2. Training methods

Training education differs from formal school education. It belongs to the category of vocational education and belongs to the category of on-the-job training. Because the personnel who receive the education usually have their own daily work, it is impossible to extract a longer period of time. Therefore, training and education should be based on individual measures and adopt flexible forms of training and education.

(1) Classroom teaching takes the form of intuitive face-to-face communication, which facilitates direct communication. It is generally taught by occupational safety and health managers or professional teachers and experts. The curriculum can be arranged according to the various types of people who are educated. The timetable can also be divided and combined, for example, 1 to 2 days per week , to organize classes. Qualified enterprises may integrate education and training programs into their plans for the “Employee Education Center”.

In addition, the training center for labor protection officers of the Ministry of Chemical Industry and emergency rescue centers around the country should organize short-term training classes on a yearly basis to train key personnel and teachers for the basic units. The time and content of education for all categories of personnel are given on the next page.

(2) Image Education Organizations Educators visit the safety education room to increase their intuitive emotional awareness by visiting pictures, physical objects, accidents, and watching movies and videos on occupational safety and health.

(3) Interest Education to safety and health knowledge contest, "safe in my heart" talk speech, the prevention of accidents and simulation exercises held in the form of safety and health as the main content of games and other employees, increase employee interest in learning and enthusiasm.

(4) Media propaganda Through the use of various media such as television, radio, blackboard newspapers, promotion galleries, and propaganda placards, the publicity and education of employees will be promoted.

3. Assessment and Certification

After training and education personnel, after the completion of the study, they must be assessed. The assessment shall be the responsibility of the superior competent department and the enterprise management department ( personnel education, safety and health ) . The content, time, and achievements of the study are recorded in the "Employee Safety Education Card", and are used as one of the basis for correcting and promoting. Those who pass the examination shall be issued with a certificate of qualification and be allowed to take up posts or take corresponding positions. If you are unqualified, make a make-up exam until you pass the exam. Those who fail to pass the supplementary examination can not be issued a job permit and should be transferred from the original job position or demoted.

Third, health education

1. The basic concept of health education

What is health? People have long been aware of this misunderstanding. In the past, thinking that the body was "disease-free" was healthy, but it was not. It is one-sided and incorrect to use only “disease” and “disease-free”, “normal” or “abnormal” to distinguish the health of the body. With the advancement of science and technology and the development of medicine, humankind has continuously deepened and improved the requirements for material life and spiritual life, and people's understanding of health has improved. The definition of health was proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948 : “Health is not only free from disease and weakness, but it is a perfect state of physical, mental, and social aspects.” WHO, 1978 , “Declaration of Almaty” It reiterated: "Health is not only free from illness or weakness but is the perfect state of physical, mental health and social well-being." The above definition of health includes three aspects: physical ( physical ) , mental ( spiritual ) and social. If one aspect is defective, one cannot consider the body to be in a healthy state.

2. The significance and role of health education

Health education is to help the masses acquire knowledge and abilities related to health through planned learning and planned social publicity and education activities, educate people to establish health awareness, and develop good habits and lifestyles that are conducive to health, so as to reduce Or eliminate the risk factors that affect health and achieve the purpose of protecting and promoting health.

(1) Health education is one of the basic working methods of health as early as in the 1950s, the party and the state formulated the "for peasants and soldiers", "prevention", "unity in Western medicine," "health and mass movements Combined with the "health work guidelines." Over the past 40 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China , the majority of health workers have consistently followed these guidelines and worked hard to create a healthy and civilized society. The urban and rural health undertakings have seen great development. However, the development is not balanced, and there are still problems in the “old, young, marginal, and poor” areas that lack medicine and medicine. Now, in coastal cities and economically developed areas, although people are living affluent, unsanitary and unhealthy lifestyles and customs still exist. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out health education among the masses. Mobilize them to act consciously and fight unsanitary and uncivilized phenomena. At present, China's "National Fitness Program" is one of the contents of health education activities.

(2) Health education can improve the people's self-care level The health of a nation should be grasped from the baby. When the people are rich, they long for cultural hygiene and spiritual civilization. We carried out health education activities in the entire society and it just adapted to the people’s desire and pursuit. The facts show that many developed countries have relatively high levels of health. Common infectious diseases, malnutrition, and occupational diseases are rare, and the medical level and medical technology are relatively advanced. In the final analysis, they have a strong sense of health care, good health habits and lifestyle. For example, eat less salt, sugar and animal fat, pay attention to reasonable nutrition, do not smoke, do not drink, live in the law, exercise and so on. Therefore, the overall health of the nation is good, which is also related to the long-term acceptance of health education.

(3) Health education is an important measure to improve health care At present, there is a gap between the developed and developing countries in terms of not only medical and health technologies, but also a fundamental change in the disease death spectrum. The cause of death of the disease is no longer infectious diseases, malnutrition, poisoning, etc. Instead, it is replaced by heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, and tumors.

Scientific research shows that lifestyle, personal behavior, occupational exposure and environmental factors all have a clear relationship with the disease. It can be asserted that through health education, people can be motivated to consciously adopt healthy lifestyles and behaviors to prevent the intrusion of various diseases and achieve the purpose of promoting health.

(4) Health education is a health care measure with low input, high output, and large profits. Some people predict that without smoking, drinking, and reasonable eating habits, the average life expectancy of a person can be increased by 10 years. According to statistics, the U.S. population mortality rate has dropped sharply to the mid- 50s in the past half century and has stopped. Between 1960 and 1973 , the mortality rate remained between 9.3 and 9.7 . Why is this? Before the advent of antibiotics and special drugs, the mortality rate has dropped significantly, and the specific drugs are only pushing the boat. After the 50 's, despite the significant progress in clinical medicine, the impact on mortality was not significant. It is fully explained that the fundamental improvement in the health status of the American people is due to changes in environmental conditions, not medical care or medical intervention.

To improve the environment, change unhealthy and unscientific lifestyles, and develop good hygiene habits are good things that are low in investment, merit in the present, benefit in the future, and are highly beneficial. They should be advocated vigorously and persistently and persistently.

(5) Health Education Promoting Socialist Spiritual Civilization The fundamental task of building socialist spiritual civilization is to cultivate “socialist” citizens with “ideal, moral, cultural, and disciplined” socialism and improve the overall ideological quality of the Chinese nation. Cultural quality. The construction of spiritual civilization has a wide range of content, including political ideology, ethics, philosophy, culture and arts, and sports and health. From the perspective of the history of world civilization, health and sports are continuously developed along with the improvement of human material life. Practice has proved that the health and sports status and progress of a country and a nation is a concrete reflection of spiritual civilization.

It is inseparable from the development of the health and sports industry that we are building socialist spiritual civilization. In particular, it is necessary for the people to cultivate good health habits and create a beautiful, healthy and harmonious social environment. Socialist enterprises must not only produce high-quality products needed by society, but also bear the responsibility of cultivating the workforce of the “four-in-one” newcomers. Corporate legal persons not only focus on production, but also grasp life, grasp health education, do a good job of corporate culture, and do a good job of employee safety and health.

As we all know, chemical companies have objectively many hazards, serious occupational hazards , poor health status of employees, and many other unsatisfactory aspects. This requires us to do our utmost to improve the operating environment and use health education to promote the spirit of the enterprise. Civilized construction, thereby ensuring safe production and improving the quality of employees' health.

3. The main content of health education

Health education is a complex system project that requires "government organization, department coordination, scientific guidance, and social participation." In terms of teaching, it can be divided into general health education, community health education, factory health education, rural health education, military health education, and student health education. It can also be divided into children's health education, women's health education and health education for the elderly. In terms of industrial enterprises, the basic content of health education should include:

1 The significance and role of health education.

2 human physiological hygiene knowledge.

3 occupational health and environmental health.

4 basic methods of self-care.

5 common diseases and their prevention.

6 Public health and related safety and health regulations.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.