Application of special protective clothing in active public security and marine police forces

Abstract: This article summarizes the needs and classification of the special protective clothing for the active public security forces and the Chinese Marine Police Force. It introduces its functional principles, materials used and its performance, and discusses its current status and future development trends.

Keywords: special protective clothing; public security active service; marine police

The role of ordinary clothing is to cover the body, prevent cold, keep warm, prevent foreign objects from harming the body, both beautiful , and some of the industry uses such as uniforms or work clothes for various occupations. The special protective clothing has other protective functions beyond the ordinary clothing functions described above, or the original functions of the clothing are enhanced to resist various extreme external conditions such as fire, water, high temperature, static electricity, mechanical damage, radiation, toxic chemicals, etc. Bacteria and viruses. This article briefly introduces the main types of special protective clothing applied by the public security forces and the Marine Police Force.

1 Fire Protection Protective Clothing Series

Also known as fire protection clothing, fire fighting clothing, fire service and so on. It is mainly worn by fire brigade soldiers during the execution of the fire extinguishing mission. In fact, fire fighting service is only a general term. Specifically, due to the differences in fire fighting tasks and fire scene conditions, there are many types of fire fighting protective clothing. It can be divided into five categories: fire-fighting fire-fighting suits, fire-fighting heat-insulated clothing , fire-fighting chemical-proof clothing, fire-fighting fire-retardant clothing, and commanding clothing

Insulation clothes

1.1 fire fighting clothes

Fire extinction is the most common fire protective clothing. When firefighters perform a fire extinguishing task, they must be close to a high-temperature fire site and fire extinguishers such as water or foam. Therefore, the protective clothing must be flame-retardant, heat-insulating, waterproof, and breathable, and it should not be too bulky. Has a certain degree of comfort. Its structure is generally composed of three layers: the outside is a fire-retardant and flame-retardant layer, the middle is a waterproof and moisture-permeable layer, and the innermost is a heat-insulation and comfort layer, and there are two kinds of upper and lower one-piece and split-type ones.

1.2 fire insulation

Under normal circumstances, firefighters perform fire extinguishing operations outside the safety range of the ignition point. However, when environmental conditions do not allow it, they must be brought close to the fire. In this case, the heat insulation requirements for protective clothing are higher. The aluminum foil coating is reinforced and insulated, and the inner layer consists of a fireproof fabric and a comfort layer.

1.3 fire escape clothing

Fire scenes sometimes need to rescue fire trapped personnel or valuables. Firefighters must enter fire scenes to carry out rescue operations. At this time, they must wear fire-resistant and heat-resistant fire escape clothing, mainly composed of fire-retardant fiber cloth, fireproof layer and fireproof partition. Thermal layer, waterproof layer, comfort layer.

1.4 Fire Protection Clothing

When dealing with chemical misfires or if there is no fire, but toxic and harmful chemicals containers and facilities are seriously leaked, which endangers people's lives and property safety, firefighters must wear protective clothing with anti-chemical function to extinguish or remove dangerous chemicals. Hidden danger. Fire protective clothing mainly consists of fire-retardant anti-chemical layer, fire insulation layer and comfort layer.

1.5 Fire Command Service

Mainly by the fire commander to command fire fighting wear, relatively direct fire extinguishing staff clothing protection level is slightly lower.

1.6 Extinguishing protective clothing provided by the Marine Police Force

The main combat equipment of the Marine Police Force is the ship. When the ship berths in the port, a fire can occur. It can rely on land fire fighting forces or fire-fighting vessels to carry out rescue operations. However, once a fire occurs on the way to the sea, it can only rely on self-rescue. In addition to being equipped with appropriate fire-fighting facilities, there must also be well-trained fire-fighting personnel. Normally, the officers and men of the Marine Police will serve concurrently and fire protection protective clothing will be distributed.

1.7 Fire-fighting protective clothing aids

In addition to the series of protective clothing, accessories relating to fire-fighting protective clothing include fire helmets , protective glasses or face masks, respirator (smoke and gas mask ), fire boots, and gloves. Fire helmets are used to prevent the falling of fire material when the fire is extinguished. They are made of fiberglass or polycarbonate ( PC ), reinforced polyamide fiber, etc. Protective eyewear and masks protect the eyes and face, made of high-temperature resistant PC composite transparent materials, etc. The respirator can filter smoke and toxic and harmful gases, and has activated carbon and other filter layers. Fire boots gloves are generally made of flame retardant rubber or other flame retardant materials.

Fire helmet

2 bulletproof, stab-resistant clothing series

The frontline officers and men shoulder tasks such as the defense of coastal patrols, exit and entry inspections, public security management, security, security, anti-drug, anti-terrorism, anti-terrorism, etc.; the duties of the marine police force are to safeguard the sovereignty of maritime states, conduct maritime patrols and public security management, Responsible for the management of fishermen, dealing with illegal cases at sea, smuggling of anti-maritime smuggling, etc.; the guard force is responsible for the party and national leaders, the main leaders of provinces and cities, and the important guard duty for visiting foreign guests. The above forces must constantly face all types of criminals when performing law enforcement and performing various tasks, and thus have higher risks. In order to protect their own safety, officers and men are often equipped with bulletproof vests, bulletproof helmets and other protective equipment, of which the most commonly used is body armor.

2.1 Body armor

From the outside, there are body-protected and vest-type. The former is mostly used for professional explosives and other occasions, and the protection level is higher; the latter is used when performing daily tasks, and is used to protect the human body from bullet bullets and explosive fragments. Body armor is generally composed of an outer fabric layer, a ballistic layer, and a liner. There are a variety of bulletproof materials, including metal, ceramic, nylon, fiberglass, aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, liquid protective material, etc., or a composite of multiple materials, by absorbing the kinetic energy of warheads or shrapnel. Reduce the impact on the human body. The liquid protection material has the characteristics of light weight and better protection performance, which may become the future development trend.

2.2 Bulletproof helmet

Old-fashioned helmets are made of steel. New-type bulletproof helmets are made of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibers and aramid. Bulletproof helmets can prevent the impact of shrapnel and direct bullets.

2.3 stab-resistant clothing

It is divided into flexible stab-resistant clothing and semi-flexible stab-resistant clothing. Flexible stab-resistant clothing, also known as stab-resistant clothing, has anti-knife, cutting, stab, and scratching with angular objects to protect the wearer from cuts, scratches, stab wounds, cuts, etc. The high-density polyethylene chopped yarn and the aramid chopped yarn are made of a thorn-proof material, which has the characteristics of high breaking strength, large elastic modulus, light weight, and thin thickness. The semi-flexible stab-resistant multi-materials are made by a special composite new process, which not only has a stab-proof function, but also effectively blocks the invasion of general explosives and fragments, and at the same time, has both waterproof, acid and alkali, and UV protection. Other functions.

2.4 cut-proof gloves

Ordinary cut-proof (stab) gloves are made of wire and fabric wound and woven, the effect is poor, easy to damage; new cut-proof gloves using lightweight high-strength synthetic fiber material, enhance the overall glove stab, cut-proof performance. Cut-resistant gloves require good flexibility and can be used to pick up suspected items and perform related operations. When law enforcement officers arrest suspects, they can protect their hands to prevent them from being stabbed or unarmed.

2.5 stab-resistant shoes

The stab-resistant shoe is a kind of protective footwear for protecting the foot worn in the dangerous area, mainly placing steel sheets in the sole and on the back of the foot to prevent the sharp objects from piercing the sole or the shoes and causing injuries to the person's feet, thereby achieving safety.

3 Camouflage Protective Clothing Series

When law enforcement officers of armed forces arrest and arrest criminals or participate in other combat operations, they sometimes need to wait for the best opportunity for war in a specific area, and at the same time avoid alerting or escaping by the enemy's early detection. At this time, camouflage clothing will come in handy. Camouflage clothing mainly includes ordinary camouflage clothing, anti-infrared reconnaissance camouflage clothing and sniper camouflage clothing.

3.1 camouflage clothing

A camouflage military uniform that fuses the wearer's body with the background color using a variety of different color patches. These color blocks can distort the contours of the human body, and the visual appearance of the human body is divided to achieve the effect of camouflage deformation. The application of camouflage clothing has increased the concealment of personnel actions and reduced the number of casualties.

Early camouflage is a pattern with smooth edges. The new digital camouflage is a new type of camouflage consisting of "pixels." This new pattern uses the principle of visual psychology and can adapt to the hidden needs of a variety of environmental backgrounds. The design mainly targets the jungle, desert and urban area anti-disturbance detection equipment. Under infrared detection and night vision goggles, digital camouflage has a greater advantage than traditional camouflage.

3.2 Infrared reconnaissance suit

With the appearance of infrared reconnaissance and other technical means, the protective requirements for camouflage clothing are even higher. Anti-infrared reconnaissance requires that the reflected light waves of the camouflage clothing be approximately the same as the light waves reflected by the surrounding scenery, making it difficult for the enemy's modern detection equipment to capture the target. The surface of the camouflage clothing is specially treated, and special chemical substances are mixed in the color dye, or an infrared reflective layer is sprayed on the surface of the fabric, so that the infrared light reflection ability of the camouflage clothing is substantially similar to that of the surrounding scenery, and thus has a certain degree of Anti-infrared light reconnaissance camouflage effect at night.

3.3 Sniper camouflage clothing

Abbreviated as sniper service, it is used to conceal attacks on violent terrorists, armed drug trafficking and hostage-taking and other serious criminals. In these circumstances, it is necessary to strictly control the probability that the sniper personnel are found by the enemy. Otherwise, the consequences are very serious, such as being attacked by the criminals, or the hostages being harmed. The sniper suits were modified from ordinary jungle or desert camouflage suits. There are a total of thousands of ropes or cloth strips. These cloth strips have three functions: they can divide the contours of the human body, simulate natural plants, and provide three-dimensional appearance for camouflage clothing. Grass and shrub-based environments allow the sniper service to effectively integrate into the natural background.

4 water protective clothing series

Water protective clothing is divided into life jackets and diving suits , which are mainly used by Marine Police personnel and other police personnel to avoid falling into water or performing operations while performing enforcement on the waters.

4.1 Life Jackets

A life jacket, also known as a life vest, is a life-saving garment designed like a vest. It is made of nylon fabric or neoprene, buoyancy material or inflatable material, reflective material, etc. It is one of lifesaving equipment on boats. , generally vest, there are hanging neck, waist pockets hanging type, etc., through the body having sufficient buoyancy, so that the head can be exposed to the water surface.

Use of color: Life jackets generally use red, yellow, orange or other bright colors or colors with reflective, fluorescent components, more conspicuous, so that wearing a life jacket accident, it is easy to

4.2 diving suit

Also known as wetsuit to prevent excessive body temperature loss during diving, resulting in temperature loss, followed by wetsuit can also protect the body from being cut by hard objects such as underwater reefs, as well as underwater biological damage, can be divided into dry and Wet type two.

When the dry-type diving suit is worn, the body is completely isolated from the water, and depending on the water temperature, a sweater can be used to enhance the insulation. The production materials are mainly synthetic rubber, foamed synthetic rubber and nylon materials. Mostly used for diving in cold areas.

Wet wetsuit is the most commonly used wetsuit and is mainly made of foam synthetic rubber and other materials. There are two kinds of nylon cloth and Lycra cloth. The infiltrating cold water is insulated by the garment and does not penetrate and quickly heats up due to the body heat conduction. This insulation, formed by inactive air bubbles, prevents the loss of body heat. Wetsuits must be fitted to the skin and a small amount of water should be placed between the wetsuit and the skin to maintain body temperature.

Under normal circumstances, the water temperature above 27 degrees can not wear wetsuit; below 20 degrees wet wetsuit; water temperature below 10 degrees need to wear dry diving suits, diving depth should not exceed 60 meters . Accessories for diving suits include oxygen cylinders, respirators, and frogs.

5 other special protective clothing

5.1 Anti-static clothing

It is used in places with high safety requirements such as gas stations and ammunition depots. One is that it does not generate static electricity on its own; the other is the introduction of static electricity into the earth.

5.2 radiation protection suit (electromagnetic shielding suit)

It is generally used in military hospitals, research institutes and other places where radioactive instruments and equipment are operated and other places where electromagnetic radiation is shielded.

6 Standardization of special protective clothing

At present, most of the special protective clothing has national standards or military standards. For example, the GA 10-2014 standard is used for fire extinguishing and protective clothing . The camouflage clothing in camouflage protective clothing belongs to the armed police training clothing series in the 07 -style military uniform. The current problems are mainly due to the early formulation of some standards and the long time of use. They should be revised and updated on the basis of the development of protective materials and processing technology and the changes in the tasks borne by the military. Secondly, there are no uniform standards for some special protective clothing, such as diving suits, etc. The inconvenience brought to the procurement and use of the troops by a certain degree should be formulated as soon as possible.

This article comes from the "Journal of Public Security Marine Police College" March 2015 volume 14 of the first issue.