According to the report of China Rural Voices "Sannong China", the salt-tolerant rice developed by Academician Yuan Longping and his team, also known as "sea rice", was successfully harvested at the Dubai Desert Base after trial planting at the domestic base, triggering Wide attention. Some people say that behind the successful cultivation of "sea rice" is China's continuous exploration of soil improvement in saline land.
What kind of rice is "sea rice"? Why can it be saline-alkali? Can large-scale cultivation be promoted in the future? A few days ago, the reporter walked into the experimental base of the R & D center in Qingdao, Shandong, to decipher "sea rice" for everyone.
In Qingdao, north of Jiaozhou Bay, a 100-meter-long pipe connects the ocean and the experimental base of Qingdao Hai Rice R & D Center not far away. The seawater allocation pool in the base is waiting to give a new mission to the seawater.
Li Jiming: This is the prepared water, with a salt concentration of six thousandths. It is automatically irrigated when it is prepared, and it is poured into that side after the pond is prepared. It may affect a little bit of rain, but it is generally accurate to not rain six thousandths, because the salt concentration is prepared when it is prepared.
Li Jiming, deputy director of Hai Rice R & D Center, is squatting by the test field and carefully observing the growth of rice seedlings. In 2017, Yuan Longping's R & D team conducted small-area production testing of sea rice here.
Li Jiming: This yellow leaf is still a bit damaged, but the final yield should be ok, if it does not resist salt, it will die, there will be no green. I estimate that the output per mu is over 400 kg. It's hard to say exactly, it depends on the growth, but 400 kg should be no problem. There are several acres of land in several parts of the country, and the same variety is tested in large areas to see how high the output is. Last year it was a small area test. At a salinity of six thousandths, it was 620 kg. This year we planted it into a whole field.
In coastal areas where fresh water is scarce, irrigating rice fields with diluted seawater is being explored. However, the "sea rice" in Li Jiming's mouth is not rice grown in seawater, but a visualized name for salt-tolerant rice. In the late 1930s, Sri Lanka and India successively developed salt-tolerant rice. The salt-tolerant rice in China can be traced back to "Sea Rice 86" cultivated by Professor Chen Risheng and Professor Luo Wenlie in 1986. Although decades have passed, the current selection of sea rice is still critical.
Li Jiming: Choose resources from the whole country to the whole world, and then choose breeding, to see what the salinity is, how good the quality is, how good the yield is, and only use it after a certain selection. Rice cultivation is sometimes tolerant to salinity and alkali, but also tolerant to drought. In the north, it is impossible to grow without drought tolerance. These seeds are collected from all over the world to see how well they adapt locally. The situation in other places may not be suitable for this. We may change it to have good salt and alkali resistance, and change it to a suitable sea rice variety here.
No matter it is in the bud stage or the full growth period, the sea rice varieties have to undergo long-term and strict selection. Li Jiming said that at present, if you want to improve the varieties, you still basically use traditional techniques, that is, the most reliable method of gene labeling.
Li Jiming: The ability of salt and alkali resistance is controlled by genes. After we find these genes, we combine them together, and we do n’t need to pass the epiphenomenon, but only through gene selection. Just like Down's screening, the molecular method can predict its salt tolerance without going to the field.
From seed selection to seedling raising, the purpose is to find rice varieties suitable for the saline-alkali land in China. China has suffered from land salinization for a long time. According to statistics, saline-alkali land is distributed in 17 provinces across the country, with a total area of ​​about 1.5 billion mu. In these places, the yield of ordinary crops is extremely low, and it is even difficult to grow.
Li Jiming said that with the salt-tolerant "sea rice", it will undoubtedly become an important means to promote the development of barren land and increase grain output in the future.
Li Jiming: There are now 1.5 billion mu of saline-alkali land in China, with 200 to 300 million mu of salt concentration around four thousandths, and six to ten thousand mu of 200 to 300 million mu. We now want to move towards eight thousandths or even ten thousandths, and the degree of salinity resistance is getting higher and higher. In the future, there may be 500 million to 600 million mu of species capable of being planted in 1.5 billion mu of saline land.
Yuan Longping mentioned more than once that "turning tidal flats into good fields and the fragrance of rice flowers in saline-alkali fields" is to develop high-yield salt-tolerant "sea rice" varieties and promote 100 million mu of high-yield "sea rice". Today, the sea rice technology research roadmap has been completed, and salt-alkali-tolerant hybrid sea rice trial planting demonstration research has been carried out in 6 provinces across the country, and strives to begin widespread promotion in the country by 2020.
However, Li Jiming also admitted that it will take a long time to achieve the marketing of sea rice.
Li Jiming: If the total output is not high, the people will not get any benefits. The yield of hybrid rice must be high so that ordinary people can make money. Therefore, light tolerance is not enough. It is not so easy to really develop to market.
Even so, Li Jiming is still optimistic about the prospect of "sea rice". He believes that as the contradiction between urban development and agricultural land becomes more prominent, the use of barren beach saline land can not only ensure national food security, but also reduce the burden of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land red line. Turn the desert into an oasis, you can do more than one thing.
Li Jiming: This is a leading technology. In some countries, the government once asked Academician Yuan that if we need this technology, we can help them. Our sea rice technology is not only used in China, but also in the world.
(Reporters Chao Xiangrong, Wang Chaopeng, Fu Lei)
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