Evaluation of removal of mycotoxins and adhesive functional products in
Inner Mongolia Hezheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Qi Guoyou
Red Horse Feed (Xiantao) Co., Ltd. Liu Quanliang
Foreword: Most of the aquatic feed is mainly granular material. The granular material is easy to balance the nutrition of aquatic animals, easy to digest and absorb, improve the utilization rate of bait, reduce the pollution of residual bait to water quality, reduce the incidence of aquatic animals, and increase the yield of aquatic animals. However, the aquatic pellet feed must withstand the mechanical impact force during transportation. After the water is put into the water, it must withstand the shock and soaking of the water. It needs to be preserved in the water for a certain period of time, so as to have sufficient feeding time for fish, shrimp and crab. However, by simply bonding the individual components of the feed to its own natural adhesive substance, the strength and stability of the particles are often insufficient. Therefore, in the preparation of the pellet feed and the powdery feed is gelatinized in water, the adhesion is added. Agents are a necessary means. [1]
Since aflatoxin, soybean meal, corn flour, cottonseed meal, etc. are used in aquatic feed, the effect of mycotoxins on water production performance cannot be ignored. For example, in the shrimp culture, the phenomenon of whitening is that the mycotoxin enters the digestive tract and stimulates the liver and pancreas and the intestinal tract to produce inflammation, which causes the hepatic and pancreatic fat granules (the main cause of floating water) to shrink and fall off, and the intestinal mucosa (white) is peeled off, The digestive and intestinal flora are discharged together to form a white stool. When fish are infected by mycotoxins, the body's various resistances are reduced, and other pathogens invade. Liver damage is often accompanied by hemorrhage, phlegm, intestinal inflammation, irregular balance, loss of balance, loss of appetite, and sluggish response. Difficulty breathing, even fainting, and soon died of symptoms.
Key words: bonding treasure, mycotoxin cohesive water resistance rubber elasticity
Abstract: An organic-inorganic macromolecular complex-bonding treasure consisting of natural montmorillonite and alpha starch processed by special process not only has a bonding function, but also has the function of removing mycotoxin to protect the intestinal mucosa.
First, from the adhesion in the feed and its water resistance, micelle evaluation experiment
Liu Jiafei et al [2] adhesive is a special substance that binds various raw materials together, and is also a key substance affecting the stability of feed water, generally a macromolecular polymer. In industrial large-scale production, а-starch is widely used because it is easy to control. When making feed in small and medium-sized farms, fresh fish paste is widely used because it has good nutrition and attracting effects and good viscosity. The selection principle of the adhesive is low dosage, good viscosity, non-toxic and harmless, and its use does not affect the processing technology, and does not reduce the palatability of the feed. However, most aquatic animals are not tolerant to starch sugar due to insufficient secretion of intestinal starch digestive enzymes, so the amount of starch is minimized in the formulation of aquatic products, and binder is used to achieve the purpose of pellet formation.
1.1 Annual production of 30,000 tons of shrimp and crab material Shanghai branch of a company in Hubei, shrimp and crab feed production line,
1 granulation parameters: steam pressure 2.4,
2 ring die hole diameter: φ2.5,
3 compression ratio: ,
The premixing port is put into the bonding treasure, the amount of flour is reduced accordingly, the V-shaped bonding treasure is added, the product is cooled, the sampling is taken at the feeding mouth, and the water resistance and strength are tested. The results are as follows:
Table 1: The hardness and water resistance of the product were tested using a durometer and a conventional sensory evaluation method, and each product was subjected to 3 repetitions, and an average value was calculated.
Table 2: The dryness of the product was tested by dry weighing method, and each product was made into 3 replicates, and the average value was calculated.
The following picture shows the comparison of the water resistance test of the added and . The
The following picture shows the boiling water resistance test
1.2 annual output of 20,000 tons of fish special fish material Liaozhong company
1 granulation parameters: steam pressure 2.0
2 ring die aperture: φ4.0
3 compression ratio:
-level quenching and
The premixing port is placed on the bonding treasure. Under the premise of not reducing the amount of flour, 3 kg of type III bonding treasure is added, the product is cooled, and the sampling is taken at the feeding mouth. The test results, the powdering rate and the molding rate are as follows:
1.3 Evaluation of the effect of α-starch and bonded treasure J in the soft-shelled fish material
1.4 Apparent viscosity and gel elasticity of the soft-shelled turtle after adding the bonding treasure
Discussion and summary:
"Particle feed water stability" is defined as the property of the pellet feed to keep the constituents from being dissolved and not lost after being soaked in water for a certain period of time. Generally, it is expressed as a percentage of the ratio of the amount of lost water in the water to the quality of the feed (ie, the loss rate) for a certain period of time, and the minimum time at which the feed does not collapse in the water is expressed as water resistance. The stability of prawn compound feed in water is a key factor related to feed nutrient potency and success or failure of culture. It is an important quality index to measure the quality of compound feed (Liu Xinghai 1991; 1997)
How to evaluate feed water resistance Li Zhaoxin et al [3] respectively discussed the stability of four kinds of shrimp in feed water stability test method 1 sensory method 2 dry weighing method 3 chemical oxygen demand method 4 luminosity method. The chemical oxygen demand method and the photometric method are complicated and require special instruments and are not easy to carry out. The sensory evaluation method is usually employed, and the boiling water method is used even for rapid evaluation. Although the sensory evaluation method comprehensively judges the water stability of feed from four aspects, it has comprehensive and systematic characteristics, but it also has great limitations. The method is artificially subjective, because different testers have different judgment experience and evaluation. The results will vary greatly. If only one of the aspects is evaluated, the results will vary greatly. In order to quickly evaluate the medium, it is more undesirable to use boiling water. First, it is deviated from the feed use environment; instead, boiling water is used to further further gelatinize the ungelatinized starch in the feed, so that the evaluation is too high and practical. Therefore, when the conditions permit, the evaluation of water resistance by the dry weighing method is more objective, and it is considered that the influence of the factors is small and energy. And it is the only national standard that can be relied upon, "Chinese Shrimp Compound Feed" SC 2002-1994
The addition of bonding treasure in aquatic shrimp and crab feed can reduce the amount of starch, reduce the cost, and improve the strength and water resistance of the granules; adding the bonding treasure in the aquatic fish material can improve the granule strength and the pulverization rate; Adding a bonding treasure can increase the viscosity and rubber elasticity of the feed. The addition of the bonding treasure in the aquatic feed can reduce the return rate, thereby reducing the loss of the thermophilic vitamin minerals.
Second, the removal of aflatoxin AFB1 in vitro evaluation experiment
2.1 Entrusted the Center for Mycotoxin Evaluation of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to evaluate the aflatoxin in the bonded Bao raw material in vitro
The results are as follows:
2.2 Discussion and summary
Bonded treasure is a combination of natural montmorillonite and alpha starch. The montmorillonite in the form of hydrogen bond can still effectively remove aflatoxin, thereby avoiding the damage of aflatoxin.
III. Conclusions and Outlook
Because the raw materials used in aquafeeds or the water are inevitably contaminated by mycotoxins and algae toxins, the damage to aquatic animals is mostly hidden, but the damage caused by accumulation to a certain extent is irreversible; especially serious is The damage of mycotoxins to the immune system of aquatic animals makes it easy for farmed animals to be secondary to other diseases. However, montmorillonite can not only adsorb mycotoxins but also enhance intestinal function, repair intestinal mucosa, and adsorb the mycotoxins that are eaten and excreted, reduce the accumulation of mycotoxins in the body and reduce damage to the intestines.
The use of binders to form aquafeeds is more effective for the balanced nutrition of aquatic animals, easy to digest and absorb, improve the utilization of bait, and reduce the pollution of residual bait to water quality.
The bonding treasure has the function of removing mycotoxins and forming, and vigorously promoting the use can help the green aquaculture.
Fourth, reference:
[1] Wang Zhiming, Wang Jianqiang, Shen Minxiang. Experiment on the effect of binder on the stability of pellet feed in water. Feed Expo, 2003, (7): 41-42.
[2] Liu Jiafei, Bai Dongqing, Chen Chengxun Aquatic feed binder and its water stability. China Science and Technology Papers online
[3] Li Zhaoxin, Wang Weifen, 1 Xiuxiu, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao Ocean University. Factors affecting the stability of shrimp in feed water and its determination method Marine Fisheries Research September 2000 VO1. 21 NO. 3
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