In recent years, in order to improve the atmospheric environment, large and medium-sized cities have vigorously promoted the use of clean energy including renewable energy. As people's living standards improve, buildings not only need to meet the requirements of winter heating, and the need for summer air-conditioning cooling, ground source heat pump technology provides an effective solution to this problem. ◆ Introduction of air-conditioning system (1) The traditional central air-conditioning has air source heat pump (air-cooled unit) + auxiliary electric heating and water-cooled chiller + boiler in two forms. Air-source heat pumps (air-cooled units) and water-cooled chillers discharge the heat of the room to the outdoor air during cooling, which is greatly affected by the outdoor air temperature. The cooling capacity decreases as the outdoor air temperature increases, especially at high temperature and high Wet areas, unit cooling performance is extremely unstable, inefficient. In the heating, air source heat pump when the outdoor temperature dropped below zero degrees Celsius when the need to add auxiliary electric heating device, or the unit can not work, power consumption, low efficiency, and water-cooled chiller + boiler this air-conditioning form, Electricity heating boiler or coal-fired, oil-fired boiler, serious pollution, running expensive. Ground Source Heat Pumps (2) Groundwater Source Air conditioning systems are groundwater extracted from wells. This type of air conditioning is subject to many restrictions in its application and requires a rich and stable groundwater resource as a prerequisite. Although theoretically extracted groundwater can be recharged to the groundwater layer, at present, groundwater recharge technology in China is not yet mature and will easily cause the loss of groundwater resources. The current application of air conditioning systems has been declining due to stricter regulations and legislation on the use of groundwater. (3) ground heat exchanger ground source air conditioning system. Ground source heat pump is a use of underground soil geothermal resources, both heating and cooling of energy efficient air-conditioning system. This air-conditioning system is the heat exchanger buried in the ground, through the water in the closed loop composed of high-strength plastic pipe circulation flow, in order to achieve the purpose of hot and cold soil exchange with the ground. In summer, the heat in the room will be transferred to the ground through the aircrew to cool the room and store the heat for winter use. Winter heat transfer through the heat pump to the room heat the room, heating the room, while storing cold for summer use, the earth provides a good source of free energy storage, so that the energy of the seasonal conversion. Unit usually consumes 1kW of electricity, users can get about 4kW-5kW of heat or cold. Compared with the boiler heating system, the ground source air conditioning system can save more than two-thirds of the electric energy than the electric boiler and save about one-half of the energy of coal-fired and oil-fired boilers. Because the temperature of the underground soil is relatively stable throughout the year, Generally 15 ~ 20 ℃, far below the outdoor air temperature in the summer, far higher than the outdoor air temperature in winter, the unit operating conditions stable, both in cooling or heating have been in high efficiency operation, refrigeration, Compared with the traditional air-source heat pump, the thermal performance is about 40% higher, so the operating cost is 40-50% of that of the ordinary central air-conditioning system. Therefore, in recent ten years, ground source heat pump air conditioning system in North America and North Europe and other countries have made rapid development of China's ground source heat pump market has also been very active in the past five years, it is expected that the technology will be the 21st century Effective high efficiency, environmental protection, energy saving heating and cooling air conditioning technology. Ground source heat pump operation ◆ ground source air conditioning development overview The concept of ground source heat pump first appeared in a Swiss patent in 1912. In the 1950s, Europe and the United States started the first wave of ground-source heat pumps. At the time, however, energy prices were low and the system was uneconomical and was not promoted. Until the 1970s, the oil crisis and deteriorating environment focused people's attention on energy saving, high efficiency energy use and environmental protection, making the study of ground source heat pump into another climax. In the recent 20 years, it has been in Europe and the United States Industrialized countries have achieved rapid development, has become a mature application technology. Ground source heat pump air conditioning system in the United States accounted for 40% of the entire air conditioning system, is the United States government strongly promote energy saving and environmental protection technology. In support of this technology, President Bush installed this ground-source heat pump air-conditioning system in his Texas villa (see for example May 28, 2001). To date, the United States has installed 600,000 units and plans to install 450,000 units a year to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1.3 million tons, which is equivalent to reducing the pollution emissions of 560,000 vehicles or planting more than 100 trees Million acres, saving energy costs 430 million US dollars. Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, Germany and other countries mainly use ground source heat pumps for heating and providing domestic hot water. According to the statistics of 1999, the proportion of ground source heat pumps for domestic heating installations is 96% in Switzerland, 38% in Austria and 27% in Denmark. In our country, the application and development of ground source heat pump air conditioning technology has been slow and slow due to the particularity of energy price and the people's awareness of energy saving and environmental protection, as well as other factors, people are not quite sure about it and the promotion is more difficult. However, With the improvement of people's living standard, the increase of per capita energy consumption, the depletion of disposable mineral energy and the deteriorating environment, ground source heat pump technology has drawn more and more attention. Under the current trend of energy conservation and environmental protection, the technology has attracted the attention of the industry due to its unique energy-saving and stability. Many domestic universities and research institutes have done a lot of applied research. National Ministry of Construction in the "hot summer and cold winter residential building energy efficiency design standards" made a special recommendation. It is foreseeable that with the development of economy, people are increasing their awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection. As a kind of energy-saving and environment-friendly green air-conditioning equipment, geothermal heat pump can adapt to the strategic requirements of energy sustainable development and will have broad application and development prospect in China . ◆ Ground source air conditioning system features: Ground source heat pump compared with conventional air conditioning technology has unparalleled advantages. (1) Use of Renewable Energy Sources: Ground source heat pumps are renewable energy technologies. Ground-source heat pumps absorb heat from or dissipate heat at ambient temperatures and the energy in the soil is never depleted, making it a renewable, clean energy source for sustainable use. (2) high efficiency and low cost of operation: ground source heat pump is a cost-effective energy-saving technology. The temperature of underground soil is relatively stable throughout the year, the temperature in winter is higher than the ambient air temperature, and the temperature in summer is lower than the ambient air temperature. It is a good source of heat and air conditioning. This temperature characteristic makes the ground source heat pump 40% , So to save energy and save about 40% of operating costs. In addition, the relatively constant temperature to the nature of the characteristics of the heat pump makes the operation more reliable and stable, but also to ensure system efficiency and economy. During heating and cooling, the ground source heat pump can "move" the energy in the soil into the room, and 70% of its energy comes from the soil. When 1KW of electricity is input, the cooling and heating energy above 5KW can be obtained. Operating costs Winter a running season only 12-16 yuan per square meter, a summer season of 7-9 yuan, about 40% lower than the conventional central air conditioning system. Ground source heat pump schematic (3) water-saving land: 1) to soil as a source of heat and heat to its release or absorb heat, do not consume water resources, will not cause pollution. 2) The boiler room and auxiliary coal yard, oil storage room and cooling tower are omitted. The area of ​​the engine room is much smaller than that of the conventional air-conditioning system, which saves the building space and is also beneficial to the beauty of the building. 3) buried pipe can be buried in the garage, parking, gardens, playgrounds, etc., do not take up the use of the area. (4) significant environmental benefits: The operation of the plant has no pollution, can be built in residential areas, in the heating, there is no combustion, no smoke, no waste, do not need to pile up fuel waste venues, will not produce Urban heat island effect, the environment is very friendly, is the ideal green products. (5) safe and stable operation, high reliability: ground source heat pump system in the operation without combustion equipment, it is impossible to produce carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other exhaust gas, there is no propane gas, and therefore there is no danger of explosion, Use safe. Fuel, gas boiler heating, the combustion products on the living environment, pollution, affecting people's lives and health. Due to the very deep soil temperature, the host heat or heat from the external climate, operating conditions are very stable, better than other air-conditioning equipment. There is no shortage of air-source heat pump heating, or even heating problem. Ground-source heat pump underground heat exchange pipe with high-density polyethylene plastic pipe, the service life of up to 50 years, with the same life of the building. Air-conditioning unit structure is simple, less running parts, the service life of up to 20 years. The maintenance cost of the whole system is also greatly reduced compared with the boiler-refrigerator system, which ensures the high efficiency and economy of the system. Little maintenance, depreciation and maintenance costs are also significantly lower than the traditional air conditioning. (6) a dual-use, wide range of applications: ground source heat pump system can be heating, cooling, a system that can replace the original boiler plus cooler two sets of devices or systems. Can be applied to hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, schools and other buildings, more suitable for residential heating, cooling. (7) Automatic operation: Due to stable working conditions, ground source heat pump unit can be designed with simple system, less components, simple and reliable unit operation, low maintenance cost, high automatic control and unattended operation. In addition, the long service life of the unit , Are more than 20 years. ◆ The social benefits of ground source air conditioning system In some developed cities in China, the energy consumed in summer cooling and winter heating and heating accounts for 40-50% of the total building energy consumption. In particular, the large-scale use of coal-fired boilers and oil-fired boilers for heating in winter has caused great pollution to the atmospheric environment and posed a threat to people's health. Therefore, building pollution control and energy saving have become a major issue for the development of the national economy. The traditional heating and air conditioning mode is facing serious challenges due to its environmental pollution. For buildings cooled in summer, the actual use of air conditioners is declining year by year with the popularity of air-conditioning air-conditioners. This is due to the increase of installed capacity of air conditioners and the result of the cross-interference of local heat island effect of air conditioners. The hotter the weather, the outdoor temperature is higher, the air conditioning load is greater, and when the air conditioner to the outdoor cooling, the smaller the heat transfer temperature difference, the lower the operating efficiency of the air conditioner, the more the device is more expensive. In other words, in addition to coal-fired heating to the environment caused by pollution, air conditioners can also cause air pollution. The traditional way of heating and air conditioning are two systems to solve the winter heating and summer cooling system investment, high operating costs, but also covers an area of ​​?? large. On the other hand, in most areas of our country, hot and cold in summer and hot in summer, air-conditioners are widely used in summer, causing power shortage in some major cities and creating electricity shortage. In order to ensure that problems such as power failure will not occur, some cities limit the electricity consumption in summer . In addition, because there is no heating supply in some areas, the use of electric furnace heating in winter, resulting in tight power supply. Therefore, the increase of heating price in winter has raised the running cost of heating, coupled with serious pollution caused by heating, so we have to think about adopting some energy-saving and environment-friendly products. Ground source heat pump cooling, heating required energy about 3/4 from the ground, the other 1/4 from the power input, thereby reducing the consumption of disposable mineral energy; not to outdoor cooling, hot air to reduce the urban heat island effect. Very friendly to the environment. Ground source heat pump air conditioning is a use of renewable energy efficient energy saving, environmentally friendly engineering system. The building is heated in winter and cold in summer. can
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