[Nikkei BP News Agency] At the "24th Japan International Machine Tool Show (JIMTOF2008)" (Tokyo Ariake International Convention and Exhibition Center) on November 4, 2008, major superhard tool manufacturers introduced waste Measures for tool recycling. In the case of a surge in the prices of raw materials such as tungsten (W) and cobalt (Co), the recycling business has attracted considerable attention as a measure to stabilize the procurement of raw materials.
Mitsubishi Materials introduced the recycling business that began in March 2008. The company's technology is characterized by the "complete oxidization" of used superhard tools through a method called "oxidation roasting". Specifically, the waste superhard tool is oxidized, pulverized, and then immersed in a solvent to separate ammonium paratungstate (APT), cobalt, and titanium used for the surface coating, and then sent to different recycling processes according to the material. The APT is oxidized again to become tungsten trioxide (WO3) from which tungsten carbide (WC) or tungsten can be extracted. From about 125 kg of used tools, about 100 kg of tungsten can be extracted. These tungsten are all non-impurity materials and can be reused directly as a raw material for superhard tools (Figures 1-6). In addition to tungsten, 27 materials can be recycled and reused.
Mitsubishi Materials has established a tungsten powder factory in the Akita Plant (Akita City), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company and a refining tungsten plant in Japan (Mitsubishi Materials), a new metal (headquarters: Osaka City) plant. To promote the recycling business. The current recycling rate of used tools is around 10%, but the company plans to increase to 50% by 2012.
One of the reasons the company is doing this business is the surge in tungsten prices. Most of the tungsten used in Japan is imported from China, and the price of tungsten has increased 7 to 8 times in 10 years. Through the recycling business, raw materials can be stably obtained. Another reason is the quality issue. China originally exported tungsten in the form of APT, and the recent export to WC has increased. However, the quality of using this WC as a raw material for superhard tools is not good, so the best way to get high quality WC is through recycling.
In addition to Mitsubishi materials, Sumitomo Tool Net (headquarters: Osaka City) is conducting research on extracting WC by chemical treatment. Since the 1980s, the company has been working on the recycling of super-hard tools through the “zinc treatment methodâ€. Compared with chemical treatment, this method has the advantage of being completed only by small-scale equipment and reducing the processing cost. However, the recycling must be subdivided and the quality of the obtained tungsten is limited.
The advantage of chemical treatment is the availability of high quality tungsten. However, the treatment process requires the use of a large number of chemical agents, and there are problems such as a large environmental load. In response, the company's goal is to develop new processes that reduce environmental loads and energy consumption when recycling APTs. In July 2007, the research was adopted as a commissioned research project for the “Energy Utilization Rationalization, Rare Metals and Other Efficient Recovery System Development Business†by the Oil and Gas Metal Mineral Resources Agency (JOGMEC) (see this site report). The company is still working on zinc treatment.
According to the Superhard Tools Association, the global consumption of tungsten is 70,000 tons per year. Through the US Mineral Resources Survey, the current confirmed reserves are only 2.9 million tons, so countries are giving priority to ensuring domestic use, and it is difficult for Japan to ensure stable supply. In the future, in order to stabilize the supply of tungsten, it is necessary to increase the recovery rate. At present, the recycling rate of used super-hard tools (chips) is about 40% in Europe and America, and only about 20% in Japan.
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