2, drill bit
The drill bit is the most widely used tool in hole machining tools. Especially when drilling holes below Ñ„30mm, the drill bit is structurally divided into integral and indexable insert drill bits. Due to the pursuit of high production efficiency in the automotive industry, more and more The application of shoulder and chamfer composite drills is also becoming more widespread.
Many workpieces require drilling a hole or holes, and today most of these holes are machined on CNC machines and machining centers. In principle, there are many different types of holes, and the most common difference between these holes is the fit clearance. These holes include threaded holes, holes that are well matched to the requirements, pipe holes, and holes that are machined to remove weight. These holes are through holes or blind holes and have different requirements for cutting tools and methods.
In the drilling process, in order to achieve a satisfactory effect in an effective manner, four main factors need to be considered.
1 ratio of diameter to hole depth 2 required precision and surface roughness of machined hole 3 workpiece material type, quality and hardness 4 machine tools, especially machining conditions and spindle speed
These factors will influence the choice and application of the drill bit type. The stability of workpieces, machine tools and process systems is paramount in all processes. The drilling process plays a role in determining what type of drill is suitable for the machining process. The smallest indexable insert has a diameter of 12.7 mm.
3, sickle
The boring tool is divided into an integral type, a clamping type and an adjustable type according to the structure, and the adjustable type is further divided into a fine adjustment type and a differential type. Commonly used in the processing of automotive transmission housings are single-edged fine-tuning boring tools and double-edged rough boring tools.
The rough boring tool uses an axial adjustment mechanism to make the heights of the two blades completely uniform, achieving an ideal balance and preventing vibration. The feed screw is the lifeblood of the fine boring head. In some manufacturers, the paired production method is adopted to minimize the backlash between the screw and the nut to obtain the highest reliability. In the hole on the back side, it is often necessary to reverse the workpiece or turn the table. This is not only a waste of time, but also it is difficult to ensure the coaxiality. The EWN fine boring head produced by BIG in Japan only needs to reverse the blade. Perform ruthenium processing to ensure accuracy and improve production efficiency. For the hole with high precision requirements, the arbor has high dynamic balance effect. In the high-speed small hole fine boring head moving balance ring produced by BIG, the built-in balance block will move, and the balance ring will be rotated according to the relevant data in the manual. To the corresponding position, the hoe can be balanced.
4, tapping
There are two kinds of tapping methods on the machining center, high-precision automatic reverse thread tapping machine, the maximum speed is 6000r/min, and the rigid tapping without any compensation is needed. These two kinds of tapping methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, so they are selected according to the processing requirements. In the mass production, due to the pursuit of high efficiency, the automatic reverse thread tapping device will be beneficial to production, but its mechanism is complex, the accessories are numerous, and the maintenance is not easy. expensive. At present, with the increase in the number of CNC machining centers, rigid tapping will become increasingly popular.
When rigid tapping is used, since the CNC system of the machining center controls the axial feed, the tap itself does not need to bear the control task. When the tapping is rigid, the rotation speed of the tap is 100% synchronous with the axial feed of the mechanical spindle, and the tap can be Clamped in the fixed holder without any floating function.
The shank used for tapping is generally elastically clamped.
5, compound tool
In order to maintain high efficiency, we must maximize the “cutting†time so that the relevant time that is not spent in the actual cutting mode is minimized. In terms of tools, how to make the cutting time the shortest, that is, the composite tool, the working process of a tool is the tool change—the rapid movement of the tool or the table—the cutting speed moves—the fast return to the tool change point, if the two tools are combined This saves tool change time, fast travel time and a safe distance of 3-5 mm before cutting. The main composite knives feature a drilling chamfering compound tool, a rough and chamfering compound boring tool. However, whether the tool is compounded or not must be calculated or tested to the shortest processing time.
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