Watermelon is the main fruit-based melon in China, with a large planting area and high yield. In recent years, the quality of watermelon has decreased significantly, which is a growing concern of consumers and producers. Reasonable fertilization has a great impact on the quality and yield of watermelon. The following five problems should be paid attention to:
First, determine the reasonable nutrient input ratio and the key fertilization period, watermelon absorbs the most potassium during the whole growth and development period, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. For the production of 1000 kg of watermelon at the middle level, it is necessary to absorb nitrogen (N) 2.5 to 3.3 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 0.8 to 1.3 kg, potassium (K2O) 2.9 to 3.7 kg, and N:P2O5:K2O to 1:0.36:1.14. The ratio of application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium may be 1:0.5:1 in the soil with high soil available phosphorus content, 1:1:1 in soil with low soil available phosphorus content, and appropriate adjustment in low potassium area. The ratio of high potassium application is, for example, 1:0.5:1.2, 1:1:1.
The whole growth period of watermelon is 80-120 days, which can be divided into germination stage, seedling stage, pumping period and flowering result period. At the end of flowering to the stage of expanding melon, it is the peak period of absorption of nutrients. Therefore, on the basis of applying the base fertilizer, the seedlings and fertilization should be stably pursued, and the melon fertilizer should be chased again.
Second, it is necessary to adjust and meet the balance requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different growth and development periods in a timely manner. The proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different growth and development periods vary greatly. Before the vine was 1:0.21:0.83, the most absorbed nitrogen and the least phosphorus. In the six and seven days of fruit fading, the ratio of phosphorus uptake was greatly increased by 1:0.8:0.87. The fruit expansion period was 1:0.3:1:13, the proportion of phosphorus uptake decreased, and the proportion of potassium absorbed increased. The ratio of maturity is 1:0.26:1.22. In the early stage of the whole growth period, more nitrogen, more potassium, less phosphorus, and more nitrogen and potassium in the middle and late stages. Therefore, ensuring the supply of nitrogen nutrients in the early stage of watermelon growth, with appropriate phosphorus and potassium, to promote the vegetative growth of plants, and ensuring nitrogen and potassium nutrients after sitting on the melon is very important to improve the yield and quality of watermelon.
Third, we must pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers Organic fertilizer not only provides a reliable basis for the supply of nutrients in the whole growth period of watermelon, but also provides the most comprehensive nutrients. It is best to apply 2000-5000kg of high-quality agricultural fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and apply 100kg of fermented and decomposed cake fertilizer for topdressing. This is one of the main measures for the high yield and quality of watermelon, which has a great impact on the quality of watermelon.
Fourth, we must seize the four fertilization links 1, and apply the base fertilizer. The application of fertilizer is 2000-5000kg, and the formula fertilizer is 16-16-16(S), 16-8-16(S) or 18-12-18(S), 16-12-20(S), 18-10- 20 (S), 15-10-20 (S) 30 ~ 50kg per acre, sprinkle before ploughing, preferably rotary tillage; or according to sowing (cold planting) ditch 15 ~ 20cm evenly applied and covered soil. It should be completed 10 to 15 days before sowing or planting.
2, steady catching seedlings, vines. Depending on the growth of the plant, when the seedling grows 2 to 3 true leaves, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 8 to 10 g away from the 15 cm hole of the seedling; the initial application of the vine is 30 to 40 kg of the compound fertilizer and 100 kg of the decomposed cake fertilizer. It can be applied in a 15cm ditch in the opposite direction of the vine.
3, heavy pursuit of expanded melon fertilizer. 6 to 7 days after sitting on the melon (fading period), timely application of the expanded melon fertilizer, the choice of 18-12-20 (S), 16-12-20 (S), 15-10-20 (S), 40 to 50 kg. Combined with rain or watering application.
4, combined with foliar fertilization. For example, 0.2% KH2P04, 0.2% borax, and 0.5% urea are sprayed during the pumping period and the flowering period; the watermelon is sprayed at the beginning of the flowering period; the titanium fertilizer is sprayed during the seedling and vine season.
V. How to recognize the problem of containing chlorine fertilizer and sulfur-containing fertilizer in watermelons A lot of production practices show that there is no obvious correlation between the application of chlorine-containing fertilizer or sulfur-containing fertilizer and watermelon yield, but the relationship with watermelon quality is very close. The quality of watermelon is mainly manifested in palatability and sweetness. The quality of watermelon is generally sand, crisp, crisp and sweet. From the practice of a large number of fertilization, it is seen that sulfur-based fertilizer is beneficial to the improvement of quality, while the application of chlorine-based fertilizer watermelon The palatability is obviously worse, the "sandness" is gone, the "crim" becomes "meat", the "crunch" becomes "dead", and even the fiber appears in the melon, the market response is extremely poor. In order to ensure the quality of watermelon, it is necessary to apply sulfur-based fertilizer, pay attention to balanced fertilization, ensure phosphorus and potassium nutrients, pay attention to the application of farmyard manure and cake fertilizer, and choose to plant on loamy or sandy loam soil. These are all producing high quality watermelon. Prerequisites.
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