Although analog cameras still occupy more than 3/4 of the market share and maintain an annual growth of more than 18%, due to its definitional limitations, in some high-end projects, users can only choose high-cost digital high-definition or debugging maintenance. More sophisticated network HD. The definition of the camera is generally represented by the television line TVL, such as 480TVL, 540TVL, etc. The definition of 650TVL or more in the industry is called analog high definition. In general, there are three main aspects that determine the sharpness of the camera. They are the CCD sensor, the ISP image signal processing unit and the lens. This article will discuss the technical characteristics and applications of the analog HD camera from these three aspects.
CCD
The sharpness index used to describe the CCD sensor is an effective pixel in the horizontal direction of the CCD sensor. The effective pixels of the two standard definition CCDs currently on the market are respectively 510H and 760H, which correspond to the sharpness of CIF and D1, respectively. Although the camera's horizontal resolution can be increased from 540TVL to 560TVL through ISP optimization, it is still limited to the 650TVL required for analog HD because it is limited by the number of effective pixels in the CCD itself. Therefore, in order to realize analog HD, CCD sensors must be used. 960H.
Compared to the 760H, the 960H is increased by 30% in effective pixels and reflected on the video image, because the horizontal pixels increase by 570,000 from 440,000, and the image details increase, and the image becomes clearer.
ISP
The main functions of the ISP include demosaicing (image interpolation), 3A, gamma correction, image denoising, and wide dynamics. To support analog HD, the ISP must support a 960H CCD to achieve horizontal resolution above 650 TVL.
In addition, in order to adapt to more applications, the analog HD ISP has greatly improved its functions such as image drying and wide dynamics. Analog high-definition ISP uses 3D noise reduction technology. Based on the original intra-frame denoising, the function of noise reduction between frames is increased, and the noise reduction effect is even more pronounced. In terms of wide dynamic processing, the analog HD ISP also implements inter-frame wide dynamic technology and increases the wide dynamic range to 120 dB (more than 6,000 times), which greatly exceeds the original 160 times wider dynamic effect.
Lens
The camera lens is the most critical equipment of the video surveillance system, and its quality (indicator) has a direct impact on the overall specifications of the camera. In order to meet the definition requirements, analog HD cameras should use megapixel lenses to achieve better results.
Analog HD Camera Applications
From the above technical analysis, we can conclude that the characteristics of analog HD cameras are as follows:
·But because it is also the standard CVBS signal output, it is fully compatible with the original analog SDTV system. The transmission media, transmission distance, and project construction have not changed. You only need to replace the analog camera, you can improve the clarity, if you match with Dahua’s With 960HDVR, not only the sharpness can be greatly increased by 30%, but also it has better wide dynamics and low noise effects. For the engineering company, the construction method does not need to be changed, no additional training is required, and the original work habits are met;
Fully compatible with analog signals, it is easy to locate and eliminate in the event of a fault, and the network HD system needs to solve the device compatibility problem, the need to eliminate complex network problems in the event of a failure; analog HD camera continues the advantages of the simulator system, not Need to code, no delay, more realistic image restoration;
· Higher cost performance, Dahua launched a full set of analog HD camcorder 960HDVR solution, stream control at around 2.5M, 25% more than D1, for the entire system, in the case of an increase of 30% of the clarity, analog HD Compared with the D1 standard-definition system, the cost of the system is less than 20%. With the continuous popularization of analog high-definition, the amount of cost increase will be reduced to 10%.
Based on the above characteristics of the analog HD video camera, the bank business hall monitoring is selected to illustrate the application of the analog HD video camera. The banking hall is an important place for financial transfer between banks and customers. It requires a relatively high level of security and basically has an analog video surveillance system installed. For the ever-changing external environment, the continuous change of criminal means and forms, there are higher requirements for the existing video surveillance, the realization of high-definition and intelligent video surveillance, and the enhancement of the video surveillance system's security capabilities. The monitoring of the banking hall is also a typical wide dynamic and low-noise scene, so the requirements for the camera are even higher.
Specific monitoring points are deployed as follows:
Outside the business hall: Deploy 700-line analog HD IR camera to realize day and night monitoring of the external environment of the business hall;
Business Hall: Deploy 700 lines of analog HD wide dynamic cameras or network HD cameras to achieve clear monitoring of the hall staff face, providing powerful image support for real-time monitoring and after-sale forensics;
Business counter: Each window is equipped with a 700-line analog HD wide dynamic camera, which implements the daily monitoring of tellers, regulates operation, and provides service quality;
Internal office area: Each 700-line infrared dome camera is deployed inside each relatively closed office space to monitor the internal conditions of the office, regulate work, and prevent internal property loss.
The current video surveillance system and other fire-fighting and fire alarm systems operate independently and cannot achieve linkage video screens during smoke or fire alarms. A security company also launched a camera with integrated smoke sensing and temperature sensing for this requirement, enabling visual management of the fire hazard system.
In this program, the smoke sensor with national patent right, the camera with temperature detection function, and the back-end 960HDVR are used to realize the superimposition and alarm linkage of warm smoke sense information for previewing and storing video, and the perfect integration of fire warning system and video surveillance system. Visualize the fire alarm system.
Conclusion
Security Video Surveillance has developed over the past 20 years, with the "Moore's Law" iterative changes of CCD technology and DSP technology, video clarity has evolved from the initial analog 300 line to the latest high-definition 1000 multi-line, especially since 2010, HD products The endless stream, which can be divided into 960H analog HD, HD-SDI digital high-definition and 720p/1080p network HD and other three types, just as the major cuisine to meet different tastes, diversified high-definition to meet a variety of different user needs. Analog HD cameras, with their distinctive features, will surely occupy the mainstream market in the next few years.
CCD
The sharpness index used to describe the CCD sensor is an effective pixel in the horizontal direction of the CCD sensor. The effective pixels of the two standard definition CCDs currently on the market are respectively 510H and 760H, which correspond to the sharpness of CIF and D1, respectively. Although the camera's horizontal resolution can be increased from 540TVL to 560TVL through ISP optimization, it is still limited to the 650TVL required for analog HD because it is limited by the number of effective pixels in the CCD itself. Therefore, in order to realize analog HD, CCD sensors must be used. 960H.
Compared to the 760H, the 960H is increased by 30% in effective pixels and reflected on the video image, because the horizontal pixels increase by 570,000 from 440,000, and the image details increase, and the image becomes clearer.
ISP
The main functions of the ISP include demosaicing (image interpolation), 3A, gamma correction, image denoising, and wide dynamics. To support analog HD, the ISP must support a 960H CCD to achieve horizontal resolution above 650 TVL.
In addition, in order to adapt to more applications, the analog HD ISP has greatly improved its functions such as image drying and wide dynamics. Analog high-definition ISP uses 3D noise reduction technology. Based on the original intra-frame denoising, the function of noise reduction between frames is increased, and the noise reduction effect is even more pronounced. In terms of wide dynamic processing, the analog HD ISP also implements inter-frame wide dynamic technology and increases the wide dynamic range to 120 dB (more than 6,000 times), which greatly exceeds the original 160 times wider dynamic effect.
Lens
The camera lens is the most critical equipment of the video surveillance system, and its quality (indicator) has a direct impact on the overall specifications of the camera. In order to meet the definition requirements, analog HD cameras should use megapixel lenses to achieve better results.
Analog HD Camera Applications
From the above technical analysis, we can conclude that the characteristics of analog HD cameras are as follows:
·But because it is also the standard CVBS signal output, it is fully compatible with the original analog SDTV system. The transmission media, transmission distance, and project construction have not changed. You only need to replace the analog camera, you can improve the clarity, if you match with Dahua’s With 960HDVR, not only the sharpness can be greatly increased by 30%, but also it has better wide dynamics and low noise effects. For the engineering company, the construction method does not need to be changed, no additional training is required, and the original work habits are met;
Fully compatible with analog signals, it is easy to locate and eliminate in the event of a fault, and the network HD system needs to solve the device compatibility problem, the need to eliminate complex network problems in the event of a failure; analog HD camera continues the advantages of the simulator system, not Need to code, no delay, more realistic image restoration;
· Higher cost performance, Dahua launched a full set of analog HD camcorder 960HDVR solution, stream control at around 2.5M, 25% more than D1, for the entire system, in the case of an increase of 30% of the clarity, analog HD Compared with the D1 standard-definition system, the cost of the system is less than 20%. With the continuous popularization of analog high-definition, the amount of cost increase will be reduced to 10%.
Based on the above characteristics of the analog HD video camera, the bank business hall monitoring is selected to illustrate the application of the analog HD video camera. The banking hall is an important place for financial transfer between banks and customers. It requires a relatively high level of security and basically has an analog video surveillance system installed. For the ever-changing external environment, the continuous change of criminal means and forms, there are higher requirements for the existing video surveillance, the realization of high-definition and intelligent video surveillance, and the enhancement of the video surveillance system's security capabilities. The monitoring of the banking hall is also a typical wide dynamic and low-noise scene, so the requirements for the camera are even higher.
Specific monitoring points are deployed as follows:
Outside the business hall: Deploy 700-line analog HD IR camera to realize day and night monitoring of the external environment of the business hall;
Business Hall: Deploy 700 lines of analog HD wide dynamic cameras or network HD cameras to achieve clear monitoring of the hall staff face, providing powerful image support for real-time monitoring and after-sale forensics;
Business counter: Each window is equipped with a 700-line analog HD wide dynamic camera, which implements the daily monitoring of tellers, regulates operation, and provides service quality;
Internal office area: Each 700-line infrared dome camera is deployed inside each relatively closed office space to monitor the internal conditions of the office, regulate work, and prevent internal property loss.
The current video surveillance system and other fire-fighting and fire alarm systems operate independently and cannot achieve linkage video screens during smoke or fire alarms. A security company also launched a camera with integrated smoke sensing and temperature sensing for this requirement, enabling visual management of the fire hazard system.
In this program, the smoke sensor with national patent right, the camera with temperature detection function, and the back-end 960HDVR are used to realize the superimposition and alarm linkage of warm smoke sense information for previewing and storing video, and the perfect integration of fire warning system and video surveillance system. Visualize the fire alarm system.
Conclusion
Security Video Surveillance has developed over the past 20 years, with the "Moore's Law" iterative changes of CCD technology and DSP technology, video clarity has evolved from the initial analog 300 line to the latest high-definition 1000 multi-line, especially since 2010, HD products The endless stream, which can be divided into 960H analog HD, HD-SDI digital high-definition and 720p/1080p network HD and other three types, just as the major cuisine to meet different tastes, diversified high-definition to meet a variety of different user needs. Analog HD cameras, with their distinctive features, will surely occupy the mainstream market in the next few years.
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Operating Environment
Atmospheric pressure: 85kPa~106kPa
Ambient temp.: Refer to Chapter 1.6
Relative humidity: 5%~95%, non condensing
Operating conditions
Fluid: Liquid/Gas
Fluid temperature: -200°C~+200°C (higher temp. model is customizable)
Nominal pressure: 4MPa or 25MPa (Customizable)
Supply voltage: AC 85~265VAC, 50/60Hz or DC 12~24VDC(±5%), 5W
Outputs: Pulse 0~10KHz, RS-485, 4-20mA & HART (optional)
The meter consists of mass flow sensor and transmitter. Mass flow sensor is a phase-sensitive resonant sensor based on Coriolis effect, composed of vibration tube, signal detector, concussion driver, structural support, shell, etc.
Mass flow transmitter is a micro-programming-centered electronic system, which supplies
thrust to sensor, transforms sensor signal into mass flow signal & others, and improves
accuracy in accordance with temperature parameter.
It`s composed of switching power supplier, guard grating, core processor board, display
module, etc., installed in a ex-proof junction box. Switching power supply offers power for
transmitter; safe grating isolates sensor and transmitter intrinsically; core processor detects
& processes sensor phase signal, sends mass flow signal and process communication.
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