Ceramic glazes are mainly classified in five ways. According to the preparation method, there are raw glaze and frit glaze; according to glaze glaze, feldspar glaze, lead glaze, boron glaze, molten glaze, salt glaze, earth glaze, etc.; according to the type of blank, there are hard enamel and soft enamel.
Raw glaze
The raw materials without pre-melting are directly ground finely. China's daily-use porcelain raw glaze mainly has feldspar glaze and lime glaze. The feldspar glaze is also a high-temperature glaze and a transparent glaze. The main raw materials are feldspar, quartz and kaolin. The characteristics of feldspar glaze are high hardness, strong luster, white and soft, but large expansion coefficient, easy to produce cracked glaze. Mostly used in porcelain and hard ceramics and other products. The main raw materials for lime glaze are glaze ash and glaze, with limestone as the main flux (CaO greater than 8%). Lime glaze is characterized by high hardness, strong gloss and high transparency, but the melting range is narrow, and it is easy to cause smoke when the reducing atmosphere is fired. This kind of glaze is mostly used for underglaze decoration products.
Frit glaze
In order to prevent water-soluble raw materials such as saltpeter, borax (boron glaze main raw materials) and certain toxic raw materials such as PbO in lead glaze, when they are dissolved in water, they are first mixed with other inorganic raw materials in a certain ratio. The high temperature melts into a frit and is ground to form. When finely ground, it is mixed with a certain amount of plastic clay, and the prepared glaze slurry has relatively stable suspension property and adhesion to the green body. When the glaze is colored, the colorant can be pre-melted in the frit to make it more evenly distributed in the glaze. The frit glaze features smooth glaze and fewer pinholes. Used in soft porcelain products (bone china, talc porcelain, etc.) and glazed tiles.
Molten salt glaze
It is not necessary to prepare a glaze slurry, but when the product is calcined to a high temperature, salt, zinc salt or the like is introduced into the combustion chamber of the kiln to generate a volatile matter. This volatile chemically reacts with the surface of the blank to form a bright glaze layer. The molten salt glaze is characterized by a thin, solid glaze layer, tightly bonded to the green body, acid and alkali resistance, and good thermal stability. Mostly used in chemical ceramic products.
Earth glaze
Also known as mud glaze. Made from natural fusible clay and washed by panning. The color varies from yellowish brown to dark brown depending on the firing atmosphere. Its characteristics are simple manufacturing process and low cost. Mostly used in pottery products.
The instrument for measuring fluid flow is called flow meter or flowmeter. It is one of the most important instruments in industrial measurement. With the development of industry, the accuracy and range of flow measurement are required to be higher and higher. In order to adapt to a variety of applications, various types of flow meters have come out one after another, which are widely used in oil and gas, petrochemical industry, water treatment, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, energy, metallurgy, pulp and paper making, building materials and other industries. Flowmeter is widely used in industrial production, including differential pressure flowmeter, rotor flowmeter, throttling flowmeter, slit flowmeter, volumetric flowmeter, electromagnetic flowmeter, ultrasonic flowmeter, etc. Classified by medium: liquid flowmeter and gas flowmeter.
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