Antique brick is not a product of China’s ceramic industry and was imported from abroad. Antique tiles evolved from the color glazed tiles, which are essentially glazed porcelain tiles. Compared with ordinary glazed tiles, the difference is mainly reflected in the color of the glaze. Antique tiles are ordinary tiles and are basically the same as the magnetic pieces. The so-called antique refers to the effect of bricks, and should be called antique effect tiles. Antique tiles are not hard to clean. The only difference is that in the firing process, the technical content of antique tiles is relatively high. After thousands of tons of hydraulic presses are pressed, they are sintered at a high temperature of a thousand degrees to make them strong and have a strong wear resistance. Antique tiles combine waterproof, non-slip, and corrosion resistance. Antique bricks imitate old styles and use old ones, attracting people's attention with a unique charm, and reflecting the vicissitudes of life and heavy history. Antique bricks create a nostalgic atmosphere through styles, colors and patterns. ã€Abstract】This paper discusses the historical and cultural connotation of antique bricks from the origin of antique brick nouns; from the material, blanks and glaze characteristics of antique bricks, to the decorative techniques, decorative crafts and decorative materials; from the decoration to the function, involving Non-slip, wear-resisting, anti-fouling, anti-static, anti-bacterial, self-cleaning; talking about innovation and brand from the value chain of the product; referring to imitation, innovation and independent innovation from the introduction, digestion and absorption, and finally putting forward some suggestions for the future development of the antique brick view. [Keywords] antique brick, glazed porcelain brick, history and culture, billet and glaze, decoration, pattern and color function, innovation, outlook. Preface Antique bricks usually refer to glazed decorative bricks. The blanks can be made of porcelain. This is the mainstream; there are also enamels, fine enamels and enamels; glazes are dominated by matt; the shades are yellow, brown, Dark red, earth color, gray, gray and black are the main products; the culture, historical connotation and rich decoration techniques of antique tiles make it a mainstream ceramic tile product in European and American markets, and has also been rapidly developed in China. Antique bricks have a wide range of applications and have the trend of wall and floor integration. Their innovative design and innovative technology give antique bricks a higher market value and vitality. 1, the origin of antique bricks, antique tiles reflect the history, cultural connotation antique tiles first from Europe's glazed tiles, after the first introduction by Taiwan businessmen to the mainland, called the Pan Gu brick, followed by another known as classical Bricks, retro bricks, antique bricks, of which the term "antique bricks" are used more often, and everyone is used to it. When they become accustomed to nature, they become the "brand names" of similar bricks. Commodity nouns are different from professional nouns. They are not necessarily different from syllabuses. They are like people calling a truck as a “bus†and the pocket tape recorder as a “walkmanâ€. There’s nothing wrong with this, and “imitation†itself is not "Derogatory" righteousness, can you say that there is something wrong with imitation in "bionics"? The key is to see how well you do it. Is it simply "imitation" or "innovation?" Europeans are accustomed to refer to antique bricks as “Rustic†specific glazing. “rustic†is translated into Chinese as: rustic, rustic, rough, and rough; this refers to the color and appearance of rustic tiles. Embodying the style of returning to nature, further, Europeans advocating the civilizations created by their ancestors, their ancient architectural styles, oil paintings, and classical music, they believe that “antique tiles†in ceramic tiles are best at expressing such topics and Style, whether it is for public or for home decoration. Europeans often refer to ancient Greek and Roman architecture, mentioning Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo; mentioning the French impressionist landscape painter Sisley (1839-1899) and the famous Dutch artist Van Gogh and his representative work "Sunflower"; Speaking of the use of lines and colors, when it comes to Beethoven and his sixth symphony (a pastoral symphony), the colors, pictures and music are all in common, and they are all indispensable for people’s cultural life and spiritual life. Among all the building bricks, it is precisely the antique brick that is best at expressing these contents. This is the charm of the antique brick. 2. Antique brick material and billet, glaze features antique tiles are glazed tiles, the development trend of the blank is mainly based on porcelain (water absorption ≤ 0.5%), but also enamel (water absorption rate 0.5 ~ 3%), fine Tannins (water absorption rate of 3 to 6%), enamel (water absorption rate of 6 to 10%) can refer to GB/T4100-1999 ceramic tile standards in 4100·1 porcelain tiles, 4100·2ç‚» tiles, and 4100 respectively. 3 fine bricks and 4100·4 tannin bricks. The popularity of antique tiles is dominated by matt, while full-glazed tiles are printed on matt glazes (or on the bottom glaze and then printed with a matt glaze). The last layer of transparent glaze or transparent dry grain, after firing and polishing, is under the glaze color decoration. Glazed bricks involve a sensitive issue that is the problem of billet and glaze adaptability. In order to prevent and eliminate cracks in the later period, the water absorption of the green body must be reduced. As a result, the proportion of porcelain bricks is increasing and there is a tendency to completely replace other materials. 3. Specification and production process of antique tiles, specifications of decorative tiles and colors used in antique tiles are usually: 300×300, 400×400, 500×500, 600×600, 300×600, 800×800, Europe 300 Mainly ×300, 400×400, and 500×500; domestic is mainly 600×600 and 300×600; 300×600 is a popular specification at home and abroad. The surface of the antique brick is made into a flat surface, but also has a small concave and convex surface; the antique brick is mostly fired at a firing temperature of 1180 to 1230°C, and it is fired in a roller kiln. The firing cycle is usually 50 to 70. Points, more than 500 × 500 after the firing of ceramic tile, and more fully enclosed dust removal of dry edging process. Antique tiles are patterned with imitation wood, imitation stone, and imitation leather; there are also imitation plants, imitating geometric patterns, textiles, imitation wallpapers, and imitation metals. After firing, the pattern can be softly thrown, or it can be thrown and thrown. Porcelain glazed tiles design patterns and colors are the most colorful of all ceramics. In the use of color and color, antique tiles mostly adopt natural colors, and use monochromatic and composite colors. Natural colors are taken from the colors of land, sea, sky, etc. These natural colors are commonly found in every corner of the world, such as sand and sand. Brown, tan, and red shades; green, yellow, and orange shades of leaves; blue, green, and red colors of water and sky, and these colors are often used by designers for decorative antique tiles. Then there is the more abstract effect of spring, summer, autumn and winter on natural colors. Natural colors may be bright or soft; warm or gloomy; warm or cold, in short, to capture these feelings, Apply color to antique tiles. 4. The decorative techniques and decorative materials of antique tiles, decorative techniques and decorative materials of decorative antique bricks are also the most abundant among all ceramic tile varieties. In glazing methods, there are both glazing and glazing, as well as the combination of the two. These are wet glazing, wiping enamel, removing dry enamel powder, and applying dry granules are dry glazing, supplemented by water and humidification. Adhesive curing and other process methods; in the printing, there are plane printing and roller printing, roller printing and their combinations; in the surface polishing soft throw, half throw and all throw; in the edging, chamfering There are also dry methods for wet methods. With the above-mentioned glazing, printing, edging and other processes supporting the machinery and equipment, most of our country has been able to independently and autonomously produce. For example, Foshan Jingtai Ceramics Machinery Co., Ltd. and Foshan Meijia Ceramics Equipment Co., Ltd. produce various types of glazing and glazing machines, dot-punching machines and sand-sanding machines, and water-spraying glue sprayers; flat printing and roll printing machines, Wiping glaze machine; edging chamfering machine, automatic cutting machine, polishing machine, glaze polisher and glazing line, printing line and other ancillary equipment. The latest level of printing decoration is inkjet printing, and the localization of its equipment is also being smoothly and smoothly progressed. It is expected that Kodak Electromechanics will launch the first prototype at the end of the year. It is worth noting that the mature glazes, glazes and underglazes used in daily-use ceramics have been used in the decoration of antique tiles one after another. Nowadays, glazed glazes that are popular in Europe are derived from daily-use porcelain. Under high temperature glaze decoration. The material basis of decorative methods is decorative materials, most of which have been made into localized products. There are various common parisons, glaze pigments, most of color printing materials for rubber rollers, various common frits and dry particles, A variety of common types of metal glaze, flash powder and glitter particles, pearl glaze, gold water and gold paste; but some high-grade decorative materials are also imported, ceramic ink-jet consumables (including 4 primary inks) have not yet been made, some high-grade ink and Indian ink additives also rely on imports. 5. Functional bricks of rustic bricks are architectural ceramics and are mainly used for interior and exterior decoration of buildings. With the increasing use of the range and the needs of the use groups, they are non-slip, wear-resistant, antifouling, antibacterial, antistatic, Changes in light and other functions put forward different requirements, resulting in a series of antique bricks with special features. For instance, through dry glazing, high temperature drying, and surface modification, we have developed antique tiles with excellent anti-skid properties and excellent abrasion resistance; self-cleaning glazes provide excellent anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties; through the application of semiconductor glazes and pearlescents, Polarized glazes are derived from anti-static bricks and functional bricks with light-changing effects. In short, the trend and future of multifunctionalization of antique tiles are very broad. 6. Looking at the prices of antique tiles in the international market in China, only 1/3 to 1/4 of similar products produced in Italy and Spain are even lower. This is mainly due to our lack of famous brand names. Our bricks lack independent innovation and antiques. There is a value curve for bricks and other industrial products. The so-called smile curve is like a curve composed of two eyes and one mouth on the face of a person. We can compare two eyes to innovation and brand, and we will compare our mouth to mouth. For product production and processing, it eats raw materials, energy, and water spit products. The former accounts for more than 80% of the market value of the product, while production and processing add up to less than 20% or even less than 10%; To change the concept, we must put innovation (including design innovation and process innovation) and brand name (independent branding rather than branding) in the first place. Technological innovation is a kind of market behavior from the back to the front, its creativity comes from the market, and its success and failure are also subject to the market. It is not only a technology activity, but it is also a business benefit. For the purpose of comprehensive economic activities, innovation can greatly enhance the level of productivity, of which independent innovation is the key to improving the level of science and technology. The future development of antique tiles should enhance their own value, and they must make great efforts in the brand and independent innovation. Only in this way, the antique brick will grow bigger and bigger, and the better it gets, the better. Finally, the emphasis is on antique tiles as porcelain glazed tiles, which have the tendency of integration of wall and floor in applications, and are more flexible and changeable in paving and decoration. Therefore, their market prospects are very promising. References 1, Yu Kangtai. 2006 Italian International Ceramics Exhibition and Technology Exhibition. Ceramics, 2006, 112, Ding Jiemin, Zhang Luoxian. Building decoration engineering materials. Shanghai, Tongji University Press, 2004, 53-603, China Encyclopedia of Art Sports Volume, Guangming Daily Press, 20024, Gumi Klaus (USA). Color design guide. Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 20015, Gan Zhihe. The Idea of ​​Innovative Design for Chinese Ceramic Enterprises, Foshan Ceramics Summit Forum, 2007 Yukang Kang (Wuhan University of Technology)
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Cold-Formed Steel building(abb. CFS building),which main material is Cold-Formed Steel by hot-dip
galvanized (aluminum-plated zinc) with a wall thickness of 0.8-3.0 mm, U-shaped and the C-type CFS as a structure of the
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