At present, the spring peanut planting has ended and the summer peanuts will enter the sowing period. According to the current climatic characteristics and growth and development process, the Ministry of Agriculture oil expert guidance group researched and proposed the peanut field management technical guidance.
First, strengthen field management. First, timely release of seedlings, replanting, and clearing branches. When the seedlings are green, the soil (heap) above the seeding line is removed to the furrow to expose the cotyledonary nodes. Where the peanut seedlings can not be automatically ruptured, it is necessary to artificially rupture the membrane to release the seedlings. After the seedlings, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time, and continuously vaccinate more than 2 piers. Beginning with the sapling stage (the main stem has 4 compound leaves), it is necessary to check and pick up the lateral branches buried under the membrane in time to make it grow vigorously. It takes 2~3 times before the flowering . The second is timely irrigation and drainage, drought prevention, flood control. The spring and summer peanuts sowed in the foot can not be watered in the seedling stage. Suitable drought is beneficial to the development of the root system and improve the drought resistance and tolerance of the plants. There is a drought in the seedling stage of wheat, and it is necessary to water and protect the seedlings in time. The mid-fertility period (flowering period and pod-forming period) is the most sensitive period for peanuts to respond to water, and it is also the period of most water demand in a lifetime. When the leaves of plants are wilting around noon, they should be watered in time. In the late growth stage (full fruiting period), it is necessary to timely watering and moistening the small water to prevent premature senescence and aflatoxin contamination of the pod. In addition, the peanut field should have three smooth communication and no water damage. The third is timely tillage, topdressing, and grass killing. The wheat peanuts are ploughed and weeded in time after the wheat harvest. The plot that needs topdressing is ditched and topdressed on the side of the peanut plant, and then the soil is watered, suitable for cultivating. When the peanuts in the field are close to the ridge, the soil is cut through the two rows of peanuts, and the soil is cultivated to make the ditch clear, the soil ridge, the ridge waist fat, and the ridge top concave, so that more fruit needles are sturdy. The fourth is to prevent diseases and insects in time. When the leaf rate of peanut disease reaches 10% , spray the leaves with 60% Baitai wettable powder 1500 times solution, 70% methyl thiophanate WP 500 times solution, 43% tebuconazole 1500 times solution and other fungicides. Face, even spray 2~3 times, interval 10~15 days, control leaf spot disease, net spot disease, etc. Root knot nematode disease can be rooted with 1.8 % avermectin EC 1000 times solution. Foliar application of 1.8% avermectin EC 2000~3000 times solution, or 40% phoxim EC 1000~1500 times solution to control pests such as cotton bollworm and Spodoptera litura. The fifth is to control the early days of the war. When the height of the main stem of the peanut reaches 30~35cm (general field) or 35~40cm (high yield field), use 5% uniconazole 40~50g wettable powder per acre (active ingredient 2 ~2.5g ), add water 35~40kg foliar spraying, if the main stem height of more than 45cm can be sprayed once again, seed rate and full fruit set. Sixth is the external top dressing to prevent premature aging. After entering the full fruit period, prevent premature aging. Foliar Nutrition of KH2PO4 per acre 120 ~ 150g + urea 350 ~ 400g + 75% chlorothalonil WP 70 ~ 80g fungicides such as a mixture of 35 ~ 40kg, and even spray 2, spaced 10 to 15 days, Extend the functional period of the parietal leaf.
Second, the rational application of fertilizer. Peanut is a legume crop. The principle of fertilization should be “adhere to the production of fixed fertilizer, organic and inorganic combination; NPK fertilizer, appropriate application of calcium micro; quick-release combined release, due to the skillful application of functional fertilizerâ€. According to the characteristics of peanuts , the per mu yield of about 300kg of peanuts requires 100~150kg of commercial organic fertilizer , 18~20kg of ternary compound fertilizer , 7~8kg of slow release urea and 6~7kg of potassium sulfate . At the same time, according to the soil nutrient situation, calcium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer are applied every two years. Acidic soils use physiological alkaline calcium-containing fertilizers such as lime, and alkaline soils can be applied with physiologically acidic calcium-containing fertilizers such as gypsum. Pure Peanut workspace (including spring, summer, etc. Live) organic fertilizer NPK fertilizer base fertilizer, applied uniformly in arable farming binding layer of 0 ~ 30cm, interplanting peanut fertilizer furrow prior to sowing in rows 10 ~ 15cm of interplanting Inside the soil layer. The calcium fertilizer and the micro-fertilizer pure area were uniformly applied to the result layer of 0~10cm before the sowing . The interplanting area was applied to the soil layer of 5-10cm in the edge of the plant before and after the initial flowering of the peanut .
Third, actively promote mechanical operations. Peanut planting is mainly based on manual operation, with large amount of work and high cost, which seriously affects the planting efficiency of peanuts. It is necessary to vigorously promote mechanical harvesting technology. Due to the suitable planting patterns, planting scales and soil conditions, the northern peanut area should actively promote mechanical seed shelling, film seeding and harvesting techniques, and promote the whole mechanized operation in qualified places. A batch of peanut harvester and combine harvester suitable for the promotion of the area have been developed. The southern producing areas should actively improve the planting methods and adapt to mechanical operations. At present, it focuses on the promotion of individual technologies such as mechanical shelling of peanut seeds, mechanical single-grain finishing and mechanical harvesting.
Fourth, the scientific selection of wheat and summer live peanut varieties. Huanghuaihai wheat or summer live peanuts have a short growth period, and must use peanut varieties with early-maturing, high-yield and anti-net blotch disease. At the same time, after the harvest of the former crops, grab the land and sown. Wheat peanuts are generally planted 15 to 20 days before the wheat harvest , and bamboo rods are used to make a "human" frame. One person separates the wheat in front and then ditches the seeds. Summer live peanuts should be smashed, fertilized, cultivated, and planted in time after the harvest of the former crops, and the agricultural consumption period is controlled within 3 to 4 days. Seed treatment should be done before planting. Seeds per acre (15 ~ 17kg) with a 30% chlorpyrifos 250ml + 2.5% Imidacloprid 50ml + 20ml suitable time music dressing mixture, can prevent root rot, aphids, and soil pests and the like. In summer, the high-yield planting mode of peanuts is 80~85cm , the ridge height is 10~12cm , the ridge width is 50~55cm , the ridge is 30~35cm , the hole distance is 15.5~17.5cm , and the acreage is 9000~10000 . The number of strains is not less than 16,500 .
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