In recent years, with the development of pig production and the popularization of new technologies, the scale of farmers has been expanding. Because premixes can effectively reduce farming costs, improve feed quality, and facilitate efficient formulation as needed, they have a wider range of applications.
The concept of premix is ​​very extensive. The premix we refer to here usually refers to one or more trace components (including various trace minerals, various vitamins, synthetic amino acids, certain drugs and other additives). The intermediate type compound feed product prepared by uniformly mixing the diluent or the carrier is an important component of the full-price compound feed. In the practice of pig production, the concept of premixing in the selection and use of premixes by pig farmers is still very vague, and there are many problems that should not arise in use.
First,
In today's production and breeding, there are many nutrient metabolic diseases in pigs, which seriously affect the growth and development of pigs and the economic benefits of pig farms. The nutrient content in the diet is small, the proportion of preparation is unreasonable, or even completely lacking, resulting in low nutritional value and digestion and absorption rate, which is prone to the disease. Nutrients are the material basis of metabolism, fully satisfying the nutritional needs of pigs to ensure the healthy growth of pigs, achieve the expected production goals, and achieve corresponding economic benefits.
Rickets is a chronic osteodystrophy disease caused by insufficient calcification of the cartilage and insufficient bone matrix deposition in piglets during rapid growth, mainly due to lack of vitamin D, calcium or phosphorus deficiency or imbalance in the diet; For piglets and fattening pigs. The sick pigs showed lack of energy, decreased appetite, slow growth, rough coat, short bones in the limbs, and edema of the eyelids. Insufficient selenium in the soil resulted in a lack of selenium in the plants, lack of green feed, and lack of protein, minerals, vitamin E or proportion. Disorders, the sequestration elements of selenium, such as zinc, copper, lead, sulfate, etc., lead to insufficient intake of selenium in pigs. Clinically common are porcine white muscle disease, nutritional liver necrosis and mulberry heart disease; and piglets lack iron to cause anemia and so on.
Although the effect of porcine nutritional metabolism in production is slow, the incidence is often more urgent, and only by supplementing the lack of nutrients can the fundamental improvement. Therefore, the key to the prevention and treatment of nutritional metabolic diseases is to strengthen the management of feeding and ensure the supply of full-price diet. In particular, different production stages should adjust the diet structure in a timely, accurate and reasonable manner according to the different needs of the herd. At the same time, the pigs should be regularly monitored for nutritional metabolic diseases, and try to make early predictions and early responses.
Second,
Since boars are livestock that have been ejaculated several times, the time for each mating is relatively long, with an average of about 10 minutes, and the elderly are more than 15 minutes, which is higher than other livestock, which requires more physical exertion. How to meet the production of boars to maintain good spermatogenic ability during the busy breeding season, the diet is the key. Vitamins, minerals and sexual functions are closely related. Adding appropriate doses of vitamins and trace elements in the diet can help improve the semen density and sperm motility of the boars and improve their semen quality.
When the boar lacks vitamin A, the quality of the semen will be degraded. If it is severely deficient, the testicles of the boar will be swollen or atrophied, eventually leading to loss of reproductive ability. The boar lacks vitamin D and is prone to rickets, fragile bones and muscles. It is not good for the boar to cross the mating and affect its reproduction. When the boar lacks vitamin E, the testicular degeneration shrinks, the sperm movement is abnormal, and even the sperm cannot be produced; the lack of biotin can reduce the reproductive performance of the boar and cause Boar hoof disease affects semen collection and ultimately affects.
Some scholars pointed out that selenium-free boars have weaker sexual behavior, sperm motility and fertilization ability are greatly reduced, the number of dead sperm is increased, sperm spermatorrhea incidence is high, sperm concentration is low, affecting the conception rate of female animals; zinc and sperm quality have Close relationship, when zinc deficiency in boars, will affect the development of sexual organs of boars, thus affecting sperm production. Studies have confirmed that the appropriate amount of zinc is added to the growth and development of the boar diet. The boar ejaculation time is advanced, the testicles develop rapidly, the ejaculation volume, sperm motility, sperm count are significantly increased, and the sperm deformity rate is significantly reduced.
Third,
Premixes are scientifically designed according to the nutritional needs of different pig breeds and their different growth stages. The user should select the appropriate premix type according to the actual situation of the pigs. Some users use piglets instead of piglets in order to be cheap. Insufficient nutrition in the piglet stage affects the later development of the pig, which is not worth the candle. In addition, users can reduce the proportion of premix in the batch material at random to reduce the cost, so that various nutritional indicators can not meet the growth needs of pigs in various periods, or increase the proportion of premixes arbitrarily, which not only increases the cost, but also increases the cost. Cause poisoning. The replacement of the premix should also be carried out step by step. Sudden replacement of the premix, the pig may not adapt, thus affecting feeding and growth. A more feasible method is to gradually increase the amount of new materials and reduce the amount of used materials. After about 7 days, the new materials can be completely used.
For the recommended formula provided by the premixing plant, some farmers adopt “takenism†and directly formulate the ingredients with the recommended formula, and do not use their brains to calculate the ratio of raw materials, and do not bother to think about the lack of nutrition. It should be noted that the nutritional value suggested in the formula and its application effect are quite different for the farmers whose own conditions are different. The farmers should learn to use the nutrients of the raw materials according to their actual use, and combine the recommended formula tips. Review the nutritional value and improve the feed formula.
Pay attention to the safe storage of the feed, stir it evenly and use a small amount of time. The premix should be stored in a place with low temperature, ventilation, protection from light, dryness and moisture. When used, it should be mixed as needed and used up in a short time to prevent the loss of mold and nutrients, especially the loss of vitamins. Wait. It is difficult to achieve uniform mixing of premix with bulk feed ingredients (corn, soybean meal, etc.). The additive premix should be mixed with a small amount of feed, and the mixing amount should be gradually expanded to achieve uniform stirring.
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